职业生涯管理与职业满意度：职业期望的中介作用研究
Career Management and Career Satisfaction: A Study of the Mediating Role of Career Expectations
摘要: 本文提出四种理论假设旨在探讨饭店职业生涯管理与职业满意度之间的关系、职业期望与职业满意度的关系、职业期望与职业生涯管理的关系，以及职业期望在组织职业生涯管理与职业满意度之间的中介作用。本文发放378份调查问卷进行数据收集，利用职业期望量表和李克特七等级量表测量变量，运用SPSS和AMOS软件对数据进行描述性分析、信度检验、探索性因子分析、确定性因子分析、结构方程分析等。研究结果表明：饭店职业生涯管理与职业期望正相关；职业生涯管理与职业满意度正相关，其中职业考评对员工的职业满意度影响最大，职业发展次之，职业培训对其影响最小；职业期望与职业满意度存在正相关关系；职业期望在饭店职业生涯管理与职业满意度之间起中介作用，其中职业期望在职业考评与职业满意度之间的中介作用最为显著，其次是职业培训与职业发展。研究结果充分表明，在酒店实施有效的职业生涯管理将产生积极的影响。有效的职业生涯管理有助于满足员工的职业期望，提高他们的职业满意度，并帮助员工获得职业成功，提高业务效率。
Abstract: This paper proposes four theoretical hypotheses to explore the relationship between career management and career satisfaction, the relationship between career expectations and career satisfaction, the relationship between career expectations and career management, and the medi-ating role of career expectations between organizational career management and career satisfac-tion. This paper issues 378 questionnaires for data collection, and uses the Occupational Expecta-tion Scale and the Likert Seven-Level Scale to measure variables. Descriptive analysis, reliability testing, exploratory factor analysis, deterministic factor analysis, and structural equation analysis were performed using SPSS and AMOS software. The research results show that hotel career man-agement is positively related to career expectations; Career management is positively related to career satisfaction. Among them, career evaluation has the greatest impact on employee’s career satisfaction, followed by career development, and vocational training has the least impact on it. There is a positive correlation between career expectations and career satisfaction. Occupational expectations play a mediating role between hotel career management and career satisfaction. Among them, career expectation has the most significant mediating effect between professional appraisal and career satisfaction, followed by vocational training and career development. The research results fully show that the implementation of effective career management in hotels will have positive effects. Effective career management can help meet employees’ career expectations, improve their professional satisfaction, and help employees’ career success and improve business efficiency.
文章引用：孔丽媛, 孔海燕, 布乃鹏. 职业生涯管理与职业满意度：职业期望的中介作用研究[J]. 现代管理, 2019, 9(4): 488-496. https://doi.org/10.12677/MM.2019.94060

参考文献

[1] 肖燕舞. 饭店员工职业生涯管理研究[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 长沙: 中南林业科技大学, 2006.
[2] 周文霞, 李博. 组织职业生涯管理与工作卷入关系的研究[J]. 南开管理评论, 2006, 9(2): 69-77.
[3] Barnett, B.R. and Bradley, L. (2007) The Impact of Organizational Support for Career Development on Career Satisfaction. Career Development In-ternational, 12, 617-636. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[4] Wong, S.C., Siu, V. and Tsang, N. (1999) The Impact of Demographic Factors on Hong Kong Hotel Employees’ Choice of Job-Related Motivators. In-ternational Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 11, 230-241. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[5] 阮爱君, 陈劲. 组织职业生涯发展管理的未来走向——与组织特性及相关因素相结合[J]. 软科学, 2004, 18(1): 94-96.
[6] Fish, A.L. and Lauren, A. (2010) Career Expecta-tions and Perceptions of Part-Time MBA Students. College Student Journal, 3, 31-39.
[7] Rojewski, J.W. (1997) Characteristics of Students Who Express Stable or Undecided Occupational Expectations during Early Adolescence. Journal of Career Assessment, 5, 1-20. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[8] Mau, W. and Bikos, L.H. (2000) Educational and Vocational Aspirations of Minority and Female Students: A Longitudinal Study. Journal of Counseling and Development, 78, 186-194. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[9] Schoon, I. and Parsons, S. (2002) Teenage Aspirations for Future Careers and Occupational Outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 60, 262-288. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[10] 龙立荣, 方俐洛, 凌文铨. 组织职业生涯管理及效果的实证研究[J]. 管理科学学报, 2002, 5(4): 61-66.
[11] 刘冰, 张欣平. 职业生涯管理[M]. 济南: 山东人民出版社, 2004: 250-285.
[12] 肖燕舞. 酒店员工职业生涯管理研究[J]. 黄山学院学报, 2009(1): 57-60.
[13] Kong, H., Cheung, C. and Zhang, H. (2010) Career Management Systems: What Are China’s State-Owned Hotels Practicing. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 4, 467-482. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[14] Armstrong, P.I. and Crombie, G. (2000) Compromises in Ado-lescents’ Occupational Aspirations and Expectations from Grades 8-10. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 56, 82-98. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[15] Metz, A.J., Fouad, N. and Helledy, K.I. (2009) Career Aspirations and Expectations of College Students. Journal of Career Assessment, 17, 155-171. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[16] Gottfredson, L.S. (2005) Using Gottfredson’s Theory of Cir-cumscription and Compromise in Career Guidance and Counseling. In: Brown, S.D. and Lent, R.W., Eds., Career De-velopment and Counseling: Putting Theory and Research to Work, Wiley, New York, 71-100.
[17] Leslie, M.G. and Ingrid, S. (2012) Correlates and Consequences of Uncertainty in Career Aspirations: Gender Differences among Ado-lescents in England. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80, 608-618. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[18] Kong, H., Cheung, C. and Song, H. (2012) From Hotel Career Management to Employees’ Career Satisfaction: The Mediating Effect of Career Competency. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30, 76-85. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[19] 刘雪莲. 大学毕业生职业期望对就业满意度的影响研究[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 成都: 四川大学, 2007: 18-21.
[20] 李宪印, 杨博旭, 姜丽萍, 等. 职业生涯早期员工的工作满意度、组织承诺与离职倾向关系研究[J]. 中国软科学, 2018(1):163-170.
[21] 龙立荣, 方俐洛, 凌文铨. 组织职业生涯管理与员工心理与行为的关系[J]. 心理学报, 2002, 34(1): 97-105.
[22] Kraimer, M., Seibert, S., Wayne, S. and Liden, R. (2003) Examining Employee Performance and Turnover Intentions from a Careers Perspective. Academy of Management, Seattle.
[23] Rhoades, L. and Eisenberger, R. (2002) Perceived Organizational Support: A Review of the Literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 698-714. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[24] Stamper, C. and Johlke, M. (2003) The Impact of Perceived Organizational Support on the Relationship between Boundary Spanner Role Stress and Work Outcomes. Journal of Management, 29, 569-588. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[25] 吴谅谅, 李宝仙. 大学毕业生的职业期望及其影响因素研究[J]. 应用心理学, 2001, 7(3): 18-23.
[26] 姚蕾, 陈燕. 组织职业生涯管理增加员工对组织的情感依附和联结的实证研究[J]. 现代管理科学, 2015(4): 106-108.
[27] 朱英杰. 浅析企业员工职业生涯规划管理[J]. 人才资源开发, 2015(15): 80.
[28] 舒晓丽, 王娜, 叶茂林. 企业员工生涯适应力和职业满意度与工作绩效的关系[J]. 中国心理卫生杂志, 2019, 33(1): 83-85.
[29] 孔海燕, 宋海岩. 饭店职业生涯管理维度开发及实证研究[J]. 旅游学刊, 2011, 26(10): 58-62.

为你推荐