基于GIS和蝴蝶多样性的丹江流域生态环境评价

Evaluation on Eco-Environment in the Danjiang River Basin Based on GIS and Butterfly Diversity

摘要: 本研究探讨通过构建基于GIS和蝴蝶监测数据的环境质量监测，分析评价植被覆盖指数、坡度等环境因子对生态环境的影响程度，结合野外实地调查，根据不同的土地利用类型在丹江流域选取了13个蝴蝶监测样区，进行蝴蝶调查，建立各生态环境因子等级(5级)评分机制，并对其进行综合叠加分析，获得丹江流域生态环境综合等级图，建立丹江流域生态环境等级；并对丹江流域生态环境健康状况进行了评价。研究结果表明：1) 丹江流域(商州段)分布有蝴蝶5科87属127种3856只。根据蝴蝶种类将其分布分成5个等级，整个区域的蝶类分布不均匀，由西向东呈递减，其中山区林地和草地蝴蝶种类最多(78种)，市区城镇蝴蝶种类最少(9种)。2) 丹江流域(商州段)4类以上生态良好区域的面积占总面积的26.98%，主要为西部山区部分；2类以下生态较差区域面积占总面积的6.37%，主要为丹江流域城镇部分；分值中等区域为60.74%，占了丹江流域大部分区域，主要为丹江流域山区。同时根据研究结果，结合实际状况提出未来生态环境规划的对策和建议。

Abstract: Based on GIS and butterfly monitoring data, this study analyzed and evaluated the influence of vegetation cover index, slope degree and other environmental factors on eco-environment. Com-bined with field research, according to the different land use types in the Danjiang River Basin, 13 monitoring sample regions of butterfly was selected. The eco-environment factor levels (5 levels) scoring mechanism was established, and the superposition analysis was carried out, for obtaining the comprehensive ecological environment ranking map of the Danjiang River Basin, and estab-lishing the grade of the Danjiang River Basin eco-environment. Then the ecological environment health condition of the Danjiang River Basin was evaluated. The results showed that: 1) there were 3856 butterflies belonging to 87 genus and 5 families in the Danjiang River Basin (Shangzhou region). According to the distribution of butterfly species, the distribution of butterflies was divided into five grades. The distribution of butterflies in the whole area was uneven and decreased from west to east, among which the mountain woodland and grassland had the most butterfly species (78 species), and the urban areas had the least butterfly species (9 species). 2) The area of the Danjiang River Basin (Shangzhou region) and above the fourth category of ecologically well areas accounted for 26.98% of the total area, mainly in the western mountainous areas; The area of poor ecologically areas below the second category accounted for 6.37% of the total area, mainly the urban part of the Danjiang River Basin, and the medium score area was 60.74%, accounting for most of the Danjiang River Basin areas, mainly the mountainous areas of the Danjiang River Basin. At the same time, according to the research results, combined with the actual situation, this paper puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions of future eco-environment planning.