雄激素性脱发患者的疾病认知对生活质量和焦虑抑郁的影响

Effects of Illness Perception on Quality of Life, Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Androgenetic Alopecia

摘要: 目的：探讨雄激素性脱发(Androgenetic alopecia, AGA)患者的疾病认知与其生活质量、焦虑抑郁之间的关系，为如何利用患者的自身调节，来促进疾病的转归、改善其生活质量和焦虑抑郁提供更多的依据。方法：采取随机取样的抽样方式，收集到AGA患者133例，并采用一般情况问卷、疾病认知问卷(简化版)、皮肤病生活质量指数自评量表、抑郁自评量表、焦虑自评量表分别对受试者疾病认知状态、生活质量和焦虑抑郁进行测评。采用SPSS 24.0软件对数据进行分析处理。结果：在疾病认知问卷(简化版) (The brief illness perception questionnaire, BIPQ)得分上，AGA患者在治疗控制性、个人控制性、情绪反馈、疾病持续性和疾病关切度因子上得分较高；在皮肤病生活质量指数(Dermatology life quality index, DLQI)量表得分上，AGA患者在症状感受、日常活动、休闲娱乐和人际关系因子上得分较高；AGA患者的抑郁得分显著高于全国常模(P < 0.001)；疾病认知各因子与AGA患者生活质量、焦虑抑郁密切相关；疾病获知度是AGA患者生活质量的独立预测因素；疾病同一性和病程是AGA患者焦虑的独立预测因素；疾病同一性、病程与文化程度均是AGA患者抑郁的独立预测因素。结论：AGA患者的负性疾病认知，影响生活质量，易形成焦虑、抑郁的心理状况。因此在对AGA患者进行治疗时应加强心理干预，有利于促进疾病恢复。

Abstract: Objective: The paper aims to explore the patients with Androgenetic Alopecia (AGA) in the correlations between illness perception, quality of life, anxiety and depression, in order to provide more basis of how to use the patient’s own regulation to promote the prognosis of disease and improve their quality of life, anxiety and depression. Methods: With the method of random sampling, the 133 AGA patients had been collected. Illness perception, quality of life, anxiety, and depression in 133 AGA patients were assessed by General Questionnaire, Brief Illness Perception (BIPQ), Dermatology quality of Life Index (DLQI), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and the data were analyzed by SPSS 24.0. Results: The BIPQ scale indicated that AGA patients had higher scores on treatment control, individual control, emotional feedback, disease persistence and disease relationship factors. The DLQI scale indicated that AGA patients had higher scores on symptom experience, daily activities, leisure and recreation and interpersonal relationship factors. AGA patients scored significantly higher for depression than the national norm (P < 0.001). Some of the factors of illness perception are closely related to the quality of life, anxiety and depression of AGA patients. Disease awareness is an independent predictor of quality of life in AGA patients. Disease identity and course of disease are independent predictors of anxiety in AGA patients. Disease identity, course of disease and educational level are independent predictors of depression in AGA patients. Conclusion: Negative perception of the disease in AGA patients leads to a decline in quality of life, and a higher level of depression and anxiety. Therefore, in the treatment of AGA patients, dermatologist should strengthen the psychological interventions to promote the rehabilitation of the disease.