家庭教养方式与自我妨碍的关系——以自我效能感为中介

Family Parenting Pattern and Self-Handicapping—Self-Efficacy for Mediation

摘要: 自我妨碍主要就是指个体在面临相应挑战问题时，尤其是在面临不良处境时，为了最大程度上保护自身价值，进而采取的一种消极策略，并由此给个体的适应与发展造成消极影响。本研究从家庭教养方式和自我效能感两个方向入手，探讨它们和自我妨碍的关系。研究采用家庭教养方式量表、自我妨碍量表、自我效能感量表对北京市某大学350名大学生进行调查，针对父亲教养方式、母亲教养方式、自我妨碍以及自我效能感进行了统计分析。研究结果表明：1) 大学生存在较弱的自我妨碍。2) 父亲教养方式和母亲教养方式的各自三个维度中，关爱因子、鼓励自主因子均与自我妨碍存在显著负相关，控制因子均与自我妨碍存在显著正相关。3) 自我效能感与自我妨碍存在显著的负相关。4) 家庭教养方式对于自我妨碍存在预测作用，自我效能感在其中发挥中介作用。由此可见，家庭教养方式会通过自我效能感影响自我妨碍，应该在未来教育工作中予以重视。

Abstract: Self-handicapping mainly refers to a negative strategy adopted by individuals in order to protect their own value in the face of corresponding challenges, especially in the face of bad situations. And thus it has a negative impact on the individual’s adaptation and development. This study starts from the two aspects of family education and self-efficacy, and explores their relationship with self-handicapping. The study used a family education method scale, self-discipline scale, and self-efficacy scale to conduct a survey of 350 college students in CUPL, and conducted statistical analysis on father’s parenting style, mother’s parenting style, self-handicapping and self-efficacy. The results show that: 1) College students have a weak self-handicapping. 2) Among the three dimensions of father’s parenting style and mother’s parenting style, care factor and encouragement autonomy factor are significantly negatively correlated with self-handicapping, and control factors are significantly positively correlated with self-handicapping. 3) There is a significant negative correlation between self-efficacy and self-interference. 4) The method of family education has a predictive effect on self-interference, and self-efficacy plays a mediating role. It can be seen that family education methods will affect self-interference through self-efficacy and should be paid attention to in future education work.