1960~2018年塔城地区霜冻天气变化特征

Characteristics of Frost in Tacheng Region during 1960-2018

摘要: 使用1960~2019年5月塔城7站逐日最低气温资料，从中挑选出符合标准的初终霜冻日，采用线性趋势法、气候趋势法等方法研究了近59年塔城地区霜冻天气的变化特征，结果表明：① 塔城地区霜冻初日最早出现于和丰，最晚出现于沙湾；霜冻终日最早出现于乌苏、沙湾，最晚出现于和丰；无霜冻期平均日数最多为195天(沙湾)，最少为135天(和丰)。② 塔城盆地初霜冻以10月上旬和9月下旬最多，和丰9月下旬最多，乌苏、沙湾10月中旬最多；终霜冻区域分布比较一致，塔城盆地均以4月下旬最多，和丰以5月中旬最多，南部以4月上旬最多；初终霜冻月际分布区域一致性较好，盆地及南部初终霜冻分别以10月和4月最多，和丰9月和5月最多。③ 塔城7站1960年代初霜冻出现时间均偏早，1980年代均偏晚，其余各年代总体以偏晚为主；终霜冻1970年代基本以偏晚为主，1980、1990年代、21世纪初年、2010~2018年除个别站外，其余各站基本以偏早为主；无霜期1980年代、21世纪初年各站均偏多，1970年代以偏少为主，1960年代、1990年代、2010~2018年基本以偏多为主。The daily minimum temperature data from meteorological observatory station in Tacheng region from 1960 to 2019 were used to analyze the frost and the frost-free period index based on the climate tendency rate, absolute change rate and other statistics methods. The results showed as follows. In recent 59 years, the first frost date in the earliest appeared in Hefeng, the latest appeared in Shawan; the last frost date in the earliest appeared in Wusu, Shawan; the latest appeared in Hefeng; the average number of frost-free days is 195 days (in Shawan) and 135 days (in Hefeng). The most first frost in Tacheng basin is in early October and late September, the most in Hefeng is in late September, the most in Wusu and Shawan is in mid-October; Eventually, the last frost regional distribution is relatively consistent, the most in Tacheng basin is in late April, the most in Hefeng is in mid-May, and the most in the south is in early April; the inter-monthly regional distribution of the first frost date and the last frost date is relatively consistent, the most first frost date and the last frost date in basin and south regin is in October and April, the most in Hefeng is in September and May. In 1960, the first frost in Tacheng all performance for advance trend, in 1980, the first frost performance for delay trend; the rest of the period mainly performance for delay trend; in 1970, the last frost date mainly performance for delay trend; in the 1980s, 1990s, early 21st cen-tury, 2010-2018, addition to individual stations, the rest of the stations mainly performance for advance trend; in 1980s and the early 21st century, the frost-free period in all stations performance for increase trend, in 1970s, performance for decrease trend, and in the 1960s, 1990s, 2010-2018 mainly performance for increase trend.

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