温度和盐度对六斑刺鲀受精卵孵化的影响

The Effects of Temperature and Salinity on the Hatching of Fertilized Eggs of Diodon holocanthus

摘要: 研究了温度和盐度对六斑刺鲀受精卵孵化的影响，实验选用了质量在600 g以上，体长20 cm以上的六斑刺鲀，将温度(A)设置为21℃，24℃，27℃，30℃，33℃五个水平；盐度(B)设置成18，22，26，30，34五个梯度，每组设三重复。每个平行100粒受精卵。结果表明：孵化时间随着温度的升高呈现逐渐降低的趋势；当温度在24℃~33℃时，孵化时间随着盐度的升高逐渐降低，且在盐度为18时孵化时间显著高于其他实验组。当盐度在26~34时，孵化率随着温度的升高呈现逐渐降低的趋势，且温度为24℃时的孵化率显著高于其他实验组(P < 0.05)；在温度为24℃~27℃时，孵化率在盐度30时显著高于其他实验组；在温度为30℃~33℃时，孵化率随着盐度的升高呈现下降的趋势。成活率随着温度的升高呈现先上升后下降的趋势；在温度为24℃~27℃时，成活率随着盐度的升高呈现先上升后下降的趋势，且盐度为30实验组的成活率要比其他组高。在温度为30℃时，各实验组无明显差异，但是在温度为33℃时，成活率随着盐度的升高而显著降低。从单一因子而言，温度与盐度对六斑刺鲀受精卵孵化时间、孵化率以及成活率均具有极显著效果(P < 0.01)，而且盐度与温度两者的交互作用在六斑刺鲀受精卵孵化和成活率方面也表现出了极显著性(P < 0.01)。综上所述，六斑刺鲀受精卵孵化最适温度在27℃左右，适宜孵化盐度在26~30。

Abstract: The effects of temperature and salinity on the hatching of the fertilized eggs of Diodon holocanthus were studied. The temperature (A) was set at 21˚C, 24˚C, 27˚C, 30˚C and 33˚C. The salinity (B) was set as 5 gradients of 18, 22, 26, 30 and 34, and three repetitions were set for each group. Each has parallel 100 fertilized eggs. The results showed that the incubation time decreased gradually with the increase of temperature. When the temperature was between 24˚C and 33˚C, the incubation time gradually decreased with the increase of salinity, and the incubation time at 18˚C was significantly higher than that of other experimental groups. When the salinity was 26 - 34, the hatching rate gradually decreased with the increase of temperature, and the hatching rate at 24˚C was significantly higher than that in other experimental groups (P < 0.05). When the temperature was 24˚C - 27˚C, the incubation rate was significantly higher than that of other experimental groups when the salinity was 30˚C. When the temperature is 30˚C - 33˚C, the hatching rate decreases with the increase of salinity. The survival rate first increased and then decreased with the increase of temperature. When the temperature is 24˚C - 27˚C, the survival rate first increases and then decreases with the increase of salinity, and the survival rate of the 30 groups is higher than that of other groups. At the temperature of 30˚C, there was no significant difference between the experimental groups, but at the temperature of 33˚C, the survival rate decreased significantly with the increase of salinity. In terms of single factor, temperature and salinity have extremely significant effects on hatching time, hatching rate and survival rate of the fertilized eggs of Diodon holocanthus (P < 0.01), and the interaction between salinity and temperature has extremely significant effects on hatching and survival rate of the fertilized eggs of Diodon holocanthus (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the optimal incubation temperature for the fertilized eggs of the Diodon holocanthus is about 27˚C, and the optimal incubation salinity is between 26˚C and 30˚C.