深远海网箱和围栏养殖网衣生物防附着应用技术研究

Investigation of Biological Anti-Attachment in Net of Off-Shore Sea-Cage and Pen

摘要: 深远海养殖是综合运用现代海洋工程新技术、新材料与生态平衡养殖技术相结合构建的一种新型养殖模式，以网箱养殖和围栏养殖为主。网衣是网箱和围栏设施装备中重要的组成构件，通过包围一定的流动水体，保证养殖对象的安全生长防逃逸。但是随着养殖进程，网衣附着大量的贝、藻类生物，严重影响网衣内外水体交换，网衣附着物的清除成为生产过程中一个亟待解决的问题。本研究从生物防附着角度出发，利用斑石鲷摄食特性，按照网衣面积2尾/m2的密度(5 m × 5 m × 10 m网箱)投放265 g ± 5 g斑石鲷400条，观察其清除网衣附着贝、藻等附着物情况。结果发现，投放斑石鲷的网衣清洁、水交换良好，未投放斑石鲷的网衣挂满附着物，水交换差。这初步表明，斑石鲷可有效清理网衣贝、藻等生物附着物，相关结果为深远海养殖网衣生物防附着技术优化提供了可借鉴性参考。

Abstract: Deep and off-shore aquaculture is a new mode of marine culture based on marine engineering, new materials and ecological balance technology. Sea cage and pen are two main models. Net is an important component of sea cage and pen equipment by surrounding a certain flow of water and prohibiting escape of reared marine animals. However, the net will attach a large number of shellfish and algae during whole culture periods. The attaching of net will reduce exchange of water inside and outside of the net, gradually become an urgent problem to be solved during aquaculture. In this study, 400 Spotted Knifejaw Oplegnathus punctatus fish of 265 g ± 5 g were reared off-shore sea cage (5 m × 5 m × 10 m) to observe the removal of shellfish, algae and other attachments in the net. The results showed that the net of sea cage reared Spotted Knifejaw was clean and water exchange better than no Spotted Knifejaw sea cage. These results indicated that Spotted Knifejaw effectively cleans up the net attachments and provides a foundation for the optimization of net biological anti-attachment technology during deep and off-shore marine culture.