依恋关系与领导力的研究综述：从亲密关系的视角理解领导表现
A Review of Attachment and Leadership: Understanding Leadership from the Perspective of Intimate Relationship
DOI: 10.12677/AP.2019.99192, PDF,  被引量   
作者: 许哲铭：电子科技大学公共管理学院，四川 成都
关键词: 依恋关系；亲密关系；领导力；Attachment； Intimate Relationship； Leadership
摘要: 长期以来，领导力的研究一直是工业与组织心理学领域的热门课题。随着学界对领导力研究的深入，学者们发现领导与员工之间的人际关系是影响领导过程顺利实现的关键因素。从亲密关系的视角出发，对个体依恋风格进行深入的理解，有助于洞察领导过程的复杂性和领导者与追随者之间的关系。本文对依恋关系的相关理论进行了回顾，并从领导行为、领导风格、领导–成员关系和领导结果等四个方面梳理了依恋对领导力的影响。未来的研究可以进一步关注领导者依恋对员工表现带来的影响，同时拓展在本土背景下的相关实证研究。
Abstract: Leadership has long been a hot topic in the field of industrial and organizational psychology. With the deepening understanding of leadership, scholars have found that the interpersonal relationship between leaders and employees would be the key factor which affects the achievement of leadership process. From the perspective of intimate relationship, an in-depth understanding of individual attachment style can help us to unfold the complexity of leadership and comprehend the relationship between leaders and followers. This paper first reviews the theory of attachment, and then analyzes the influence of attachment on leadership from four aspects including leadership behavior, leadership style, leader-member relationship and leadership outcomes on followers. Future research should further focus on the impact of leader attachment on employees’ performance and conduct empirical studies on the impact of attachment on leadership in the background of Chinese culture.
文章引用：许哲铭 (2019). 依恋关系与领导力的研究综述：从亲密关系的视角理解领导表现. 心理学进展, 9(9), 1582-1589. https://doi.org/10.12677/AP.2019.99192

参考文献

[1] 郭亚鸣, 李同归(2009). 国有企业员工的团体依恋、组织承诺与工作倦怠. 第十二届全国心理学学术大会论文摘要集(页535). 北京: 中国心理学会.
[2] 黄迎春(2016). 员工依恋与组织公民行为: 领导–成员交换的中介作用. 硕士论文, 郑州: 河南大学.
[3] 李林, 刘勇(2014). 变革型领导的前因变量综述. 人力资源管理, (6), 42-43.
[4] 刘聚红, 钟歆, 王洋, Jackson, T. (2015). 爱情关系: 基于成人依恋风格的视角. 心理科学, (5), 1213-1217.
[5] 吴薇莉, 简渝嘉, 方莉(2004). 成人依恋研究. 四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版), (3), 131-134.
[6] 朱迪, 傅强(2016). 员工依恋风格、社会认同与建言行为: 辱虐管理之有调节的中介. 苏州大学学报: 哲学社会科学版, (5), 112-120.
[7] Albert, L. S., Allen, D. G., Biggane, J. E., & Ma, Q. (2015). Attachment and Responses to Employment Dissolution. Human Resource Management Review, 25, 94-106.[CrossRef] 
[8] Andersen, S. M., & Cole, S. W. (1990). “Do I Know You?” The Role of Significant Others in General Social Perception. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 59, 384.[CrossRef] 
[9] Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment Styles among Young Adults: A Test of a Four-Category Model. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 61, 226.[CrossRef] 
[10] Berson, Y., Dan, O., & Yammarino, F. J. (2006). Attachment Style and Individual Differences in Leadership Perceptions and Emergence. The Journal of Social Psychology, 146, 165-182.[CrossRef] 
[11] Boatwright, K. J., Lopez, F. G., Sauer, E. M., Van Der Wege, A., & Huber, D. M. (2010b). The Influence of Adult Attachment Styles on Workers’ Preferences for Relational Leadership Behaviors. The Psychologist-Manager Journal, 13, 1-14.[CrossRef] 
[12] Boatwright, K. J., Lopez, F. G., Sauer, E. M., Vanderwege, A., & Huber, D. M. (2010a). The Influence of Adult Attachment Styles on Workers’ Preferences for Relational Leadership Behaviors. Werkstoffe Korrosion, 16, 1-14.[CrossRef] 
[13] Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and Loss: Vol. 1. Attachment. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
[14] Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and Loss: Vol. 2. Separation: Anxiety and Anger. New York: Basic Books.
[15] Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and Loss: Vol. 3: Loss: Sadness and Depression. New York: Basic Books.
[16] Bresnahan, C. G., & Mitroff, I. I. (2007). Leadership and Attachment Theory. American Psychologist, 62, 607.[CrossRef] 
[17] Brumbaugh, C. C., & Fraley, R. C. (2006). Transference and Attachment: How Do Attachment Patterns Get Carried forward from One Relationship to the Next? Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 552-560.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[18] Carpenter, B. D. (2001). Attachment Bonds between Adult Daughters and Their Older Mothers Associations with Contemporary Caregiving. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 56, 257.[CrossRef] 
[19] Collins, N. L. (1996). Working Models of Attachment: Implications for Explanation, Emotion and Behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 810-832.[CrossRef] 
[20] Collins, N. L., & Read, S. J. (1990). Adult Attachment, Working Models, and Relationship Quality in Dating Couples. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 58, 644-663.[CrossRef] 
[21] Davidovitz, R., Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R., Izsak, R., & Popper, M. (2007). Leaders as Attachment Figures: Leaders’ Attachment Orientations Predict Leadership-Related Mental Representations and Followers’ Performance and Mental Health. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 93, 632-650.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[22] De Sanctis, M. (2012). A Multi-Level Investigation of Leadership from an Attachment Theory Perspective. ‎Victoria: Deakin University.
[23] Epitropaki, O., Kark, R., Mainemelis, C., & Lord, R. G. (2016). Leadership and Followership Identity Processes: A Multilevel Review. Leadership Quarterly, 28, 104-129.[CrossRef] 
[24] Fraley, R. C., & Shaver, P. R. (2000). Adult Romantic Attachment: Theoretical Developments, Emerging Controversies, and Unanswered Questions. Review of General Psychology, 4, 132-154.[CrossRef] 
[25] Geller, D., & Bamberger, P. (2009). Bringing Avoidance and Anxiety to the Job: Attachment Style and Instrumental Helping Behavior among Co-Workers. Human Relations, 62, 1803-1827.[CrossRef] 
[26] Goeke-Morey, M. C., Cairns, E., Merrilees, C. E., Schermerhorn, A. C., Shirlow, P. et al. (2013). Maternal Religiosity, Family Resources and Stressors, and Parent-Child Attachment Security in Northern Ireland. Social Development, 22, 19-37.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[27] Hansbrough, T. K. (2012). The Construction of a Transformational Leader: Follower Attachment and Leadership Perceptions. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42, 1533-1549.[CrossRef] 
[28] Harms, P. D. (2011). Adult Attachment Styles in the Workplace. Human Resource Management Review, 21, 285-296.[CrossRef] 
[29] Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. R. (1990). Love and Work: An Attach-ment-Theoretical Perspective. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 59, 270-280.[CrossRef] 
[30] Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. R. (1994). Attachment as an Organizational Framework for Research on Close Relationships. Psychological Inquiry, 5, 1-22.[CrossRef] 
[31] Hinojosa, A. S., Mccauley, K. D., Randolph-Seng, B., & Gardner, W. L. (2014). Leader and Follower Attachment Styles: Implications for Authentic Leader-Follower Relationships. Leadership Quarterly, 25, 595-610.[CrossRef] 
[32] Hsu, H. Y., Lin, S. P., & Chen, W. Y. (2010). The Relationship between Attachment Style and Leader-Member Exchange. Paper Presented at the Technology Management for Global Economic Growth.
[33] Ilies, R., Nahrgang, J. D., & Morgeson, F. P. (2007). Leader-Member Exchange and Citizenship Behaviors: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 269.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[34] Johnston, M. A. (2000). Delegation and Organizational Structure in Small Businesses: Influences of Manager’s Attachment Patterns. Group & Organization Management, 25, 4-21.[CrossRef] 
[35] Kafetsios, K., Athanasiadou, M., & Dimou, N. (2014). Leaders’ and Subordinates’ Attachment Orientations, Emotion Regulation Capabilities and Affect at Work: A Multilevel Analysis. The Leadership Quarterly, 25, 512-527.[CrossRef] 
[36] Keller, T. (2003). Parental Images as a Guide to Leadership Sensemaking: An Attachment Perspective on Implicit Leadership Theories. Leadership Quarterly, 14, 141-160.[CrossRef] 
[37] Kobak, R. R., & Sceery, A. (1988). Attachment in Late Adolescence: Working Models, Affect Regulation, and Representations of Self and Others. Child Development, 59, 135-146.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[38] Leiter, M. P., Day, A., & Price, L. (2015). Attachment Styles at Work: Measurement, Collegial Relationships, and Burnout. Burnout Research, 2, 25-35.[CrossRef] 
[39] Main, M., Kaplan, N., & Cassidy, J. (1985). Security in Infancy, Childhood, and Adulthood: A Move to the Level of Representation. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 50, 66-104.[CrossRef] 
[40] Maslyn, J. M., Schyns, B., & Farmer, S. M. (2017). Attachment Style and Leader-Member Exchange: The Role of Effort to Build High Quality Relationships. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 38, 450-462.[CrossRef] 
[41] Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. (2011). Adult Attachment and Caregiving: Individual Differences in Providing a Safe Haven and Secure Base to Others. In Moving beyond Self-Interest: Perspectives from Evolutionary Biology, Neuroscience, and the Social Sciences (pp. 39-52). Oxford: Oxford University Press.[CrossRef] 
[42] Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2007). Reflections on Security Dynamics: Core Constructs, Psychological Mechanisms, Relational Contexts, and the Need for an Integrative Theory. Psychological Inquiry, 18, 197-209.[CrossRef] 
[43] Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2016). Attachment in Adulthood: Structure, Dynamics, and Change. New York: Guilford Press.
[44] Popper, M. (2003). Narcissism and Attachment Patterns of Personalized and Socialized Charismatic Leaders. Journal of Social & Personal Relationships, 19, 797-809.[CrossRef] 
[45] Popper, M., & Mayseless, O. (2003). Back to Basics: Applying a Parenting Perspective to Transformational Leadership. Leadership Quarterly, 14, 41-65.[CrossRef] 
[46] Popper, M., Mayseless, O., & Castelnovo, O. (2000). Transformational Leadership and Attachment. Leadership Quarterly, 11, 267-289.[CrossRef] 
[47] Richards, D. A., & Schat, A. C. (2011). Attachment at (Not to) Work: Applying Attachment Theory to Explain Individual Behavior in Organizations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96, 169.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[48] Rom, E., & Mikulincer, M. (2003). Attachment Theory and Group Processes: The Association between Attachment Style and Group-Related Representations, Goals, Memories, and Functioning. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 84, 1220-1235.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[49] Ronen, S., & Mikulincer, M. (2012). Predicting Employees’ Satisfaction and Burnout from Managers’ Attachment and Caregiving Orientations. European Journal of Work & Organizational Psychology, 21, 828-849.[CrossRef] 
[50] Scrima, F., Rioux, L., & Lorito, L. (2014). Three-Factor Structure of Adult Attachment in the Workplace: Comparison of British, French, and Italian Samples. Psychological Reports, 115, 627-642.[CrossRef] 
[51] Shalit, A., Popper, M., & Dan, Z. (2010). Followers’ Attachment Styles and Their Preference for Social or for Personal Charismatic Leaders. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 31, 458-472.[CrossRef] 
[52] Shaver, P. R., Collins, N., & Clark, C. L. (1996). Attachment Styles and Internal Working Models of Self and Relationship Partners. In G. J. O. Fletcher, & J. Fitness (Eds.), Knowledge Structures in Close Relationships: A Social Psychological Approach (pp. 25-61). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
[53] Slater, M. J., Turner, M. J., Evans, A. L., & Jones, M. V. (2018). Capturing Hearts and Minds: The Influence of Relational Identification with the Leader on Followers’ Mobilization and Cardiovascular Reactivity. The Leadership Quarterly, 29, 379-388.[CrossRef] 
[54] Thompson, P. M. M., Glasø, L., & Matthiesen, S. B. (2016). Leader-Follower Dyads through the Lens of Attachment Theory. Attachment Style as a Predictor of LMX. Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings, 2016, Article ID: 14688.[CrossRef] 
[55] Thompson, P. M. M., Glasø, L., & Matthiesen, S. B. (2018). The Way I See You. Implicit Followership Theories Explored through the Lens of Attachment. The Psychologist-Manager Journal, 21, 85-105.[CrossRef] 
[56] Uhl-Bien, M., Riggio, R. E., Lowe, K. B., & Carsten, M. K. (2014). Followership Theory: A Review and Research Agenda. Leadership Quarterly, 25, 83-104.[CrossRef] 
[57] Underwood, R. (2015). Attachment Style, Leadership Behavior, and Perceptions of Leader Effectiveness in Academic Management. Journal of Leadership Education, 15, 100-116.