老年结核病研究现状及相关进展

Current Status and Related Progress of Tuberculosis in the Elderly

摘要: 结核病是由结核分枝杆菌引起的一种慢性感染性疾病，可发生于全身多个器官及部位，尤以肺部多见。人体感染结核杆菌后，并不一定都会发展为活动性肺结核。在这一过程中，结核杆菌的数量、毒力以及宿主免疫功能发挥了重要作用。近年来，随着人口老龄化的增加，老年结核病患者在全人群结核病患者中的比例逐渐增加，这也进一步说明老年人免疫功能在结核病的发生中具有重要作用。本文通过阐述老年结核病的定义、发病机制及诊断、治疗进展，为老年结核病人的诊断及治疗提供一定的理论依据，进一步降低老年肺结核的漏诊率、误诊率，提高老年结核病人的生活质量。

Abstract: Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. It can occur in many organs and parts of the body, especially in the lungs. Whether the human body develops into active pulmonary tuberculosis after infection mainly depends on the number, virulence and host immune function of tuberculosis bacilli. In recent years, with the increase of population aging, the proportion of elderly tuberculosis patients in the whole population of tuberculosis patients has gradually increased, which further shows that the immune function of the elderly plays an im-portant role in the occurrence of tuberculosis. This article elaborates the definition, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment progress of senile tuberculosis, provides certain theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of senile tuberculosis patients, further reduces the incidence of senile tuberculosis, missed diagnosis rate, and improves the quality of life of senile tuberculosis patients.