既判力时间范围的原则及例外

Principles and Exceptions for the Time Scope of Res Judicata

摘要: 民事诉讼法对既判力的时间范围作了初步规定，但是规定的粗略使得既判力时间约束的范围及新事由的范围不清晰。我国既判力时间范围制度应当参照日本的标准时制度，将口头辩论终结之时作为既判力的标准时的原则性规定。但既判力时间范围不能过于机械化的认定，还需考虑到个案公正及程序保障原则。因此应将发生在前诉进行时但具有不可预料性的情形与新事由同等认定，并且明确在前诉未行使的形成权中仅抵消权可突破既判力的时间范围。

Abstract: The Civil Procedure Law has made preliminary provisions on the time scope of res judicata, but the rough stipulation makes the scope of time constraint of res judicata and the scope of new cause unclear. The construction of the time-range system of res judicata in China should refer to the Japanese system and regard the end of oral debate as the standard of res judicata. However, the time range of res judicata should not be too mechanized, and the principles of case justice and procedural safeguard should also be taken into account. Therefore, the unpredictable situation occurring in the process of the appeal should be recognized as the same as the new cause. And in the right of formation which has not been exercised in the appeal, only the right of set-off can break through the time range of res judicata.