湖南省新邵县基于土地质量评价的水稻种植适宜性评价

Rice Planting Suitability Evaluation Based on Land Quality Evaluation in Xinshao County, Hunan Province

摘要: 为合理地配置耕地资源，加快高标准基本农田建设，以湖南省新邵县为研究对象，开展了更加精准的水稻种植适宜性评价。首先筛选和确定了12个评价指标，其次在基于新邵县土地质量地球化学调查工作成果数据库和当地水稻对生长环境的需求建立层次分析模型，同时结合GIS空间分析技术对地球化学数据进行空间差值模拟，然后利用特尔菲法(Delphi)获取各指标隶属度并构建判断矩阵，使用MATLAB数学软件求出各指标的权重，计算获取水稻种植适宜性综合指数(Relative Strength Index)，进行适宜性评价。结果表明：新邵县高度适宜区的耕地面积占耕地总面积26.03%，适宜耕地面积占26.83%，勉强适宜地区占40.14%，而不适宜耕地面积为7.00%。通过收集的水稻样品，并使用实测水稻籽实的Cd含量和通过该评估方法获得的水稻种植适宜性指数(RSI)进行相关性分析，发现两者之间存在显著的负相关。随着RSI的增加，水稻籽实中的Cd含量逐渐下降，这意味着可能由食物链引起的稻米质量的提高和生态环境的危害减少。该结果证明了该评价方法在生态安全性方面的正确性和实用性。本文应用了土地质量地球化学数据来评价水稻种植适宜性，与以往在农业种植适宜性评价中广泛使用描述性指标相比，可以避免主观因素和指标分级模糊不清对评价结果造成的影响，为我们进行作物种植适宜性评价提供了新的思路，大大地促进了生态农业的发展。

Abstract: In order to allocate cultivated land resources reasonably and accelerate the construction of high-standard basic farmland, a more accurate evaluation of the suitability of rice cultivation was carried out in Xinshao county, Hunan province. Firstly, 12 evaluation indexes are screened and identified. Secondly, based on the Xinshao County Land Quality Geochemical Survey work results database and the local rice demand for the growing environment, a hierarchical analysis model is established. At the same time, the GIS spatial analysis technique is used to simulate the spatial difference of the geochemical data, and then the Delphi method is used. Delphi obtains the membership degree of each index and constructs the judgment matrix. The weight of each index is obtained by using MATLAB mathematics software, and the Roughness Strength Index is calculated and evaluated. The results showed that the arable land area in the highly suitable area of Xinshao county accounted for 26.03% of the total cultivated land area, 26.83% of the suitable cultivated land area, 40.14% of the barely suitable area, and 7.00% of the unsuitable cultivated land area. Through the correlation analysis between the collected rice samples and the measured Cd content of rice seeds and the rice planting suitability index (RSI) obtained by this evaluation method, it was found that there was a significantly negative correlation between the two. With the increase of RSI, the Cd content in rice seeds gradually decreased, which means that the quality of rice caused by the food chain and the damage of the ecological environment may be reduced. This result proves the correctness and practicability of the evaluation method in terms of ecological safety. This paper applies land quality geochemical data to evaluate the suitability of rice planting. Compared with the previous use of descriptive indicators in agricultural planting suitability evaluation, it can avoid the influence of subjective factors and index grading on the evaluation results. Our evaluation of the most non-plant suitability provides new ideas and greatly promotes the development of ecological agriculture.