基于主客观视角的银川市医疗设施空间布局优化研究

Spatial Optimization of Medical Facilities in Yinchuan from Subjective and Objective Perspectives

摘要: 基于未来城市发展目标、新型城镇化要求及银川市医疗设施布局现状，银川市医疗设施空间布局优化研究具有重要意义。通过收集医疗设施POI(point of interest)数据、交通道路网数据、街道人口数据及问卷调查数据等主客观数据，基于GIS技术及统计分析，得出相关结论，并提出未来规划建设对策。相关结论与对策包括：1、总体上，银川市城区医疗设施分布极端不平衡，未来规划建设中应增加外围区的医疗设施布局，优化不同等级的医疗设施结构；2、银川市高等级医疗设施少，且总体上服务范围小，高等级医疗设施宜适度增加且在空间上均衡布局；3、优化现有医疗设施的就医环境、医疗水平、医疗服务质量及智慧化医疗系统建设，减少就诊时间及就诊抱怨；4、新建医疗设施布局要严格遵循与居住小区、交通要素及环境质量等方面的需求，尽量做到空间公平；5、未来规划建设中应增加适量的专门化医疗设施。

Abstract: Basing on future cities’ development goals, requirements of new-type urbanization and present medical facilities’ spatial distribution, the research topic of Yinchuan medical facilities’ spatial op-timization is of theoretical and practical significance. Objective and subjective data like POI (point of interest) data, transport and population of streets, as well as questionnaire is employed, and GIS techniques and statistical analysis are used. Many obvious conclusions, suggestions and strategies are proposed. As a whole, high-level medical facilities lack, with a limited service area and spatial disequilibrium, and need an appropriate increase in future and should care about spatial equilibrium. Extreme imbalance exists in Yinchuan's medical facilities’ spatial distribution, medical facilities of peripheral area must be planned and implemented, and different classes of medical facilities should be spatially rearranged. Present medical environment, medical service quality and smart medical system should be also optimized, and time consumption as well as patients’ complaint should be decreased. Newly-built medical facilities’ arrangement should be coordinated with residential areas, traffic status and environmental quality and other elements, making sure the environmental justice and social equity. Besides, professional facilities need to be arranged to be suitable for special groups of people’s requirement.