钙镁硫铁对蓝莓“红粉佳人”生长的影响

Effect of Calcium Magnesium Sulfur Iron on “Pink Lemonade” Blueberry Growth

摘要: 分析表明，总钙每增加1 g，造成单株叶片减少0.625片，苗高减少0.505 cm，叶长减少0.603 cm，叶宽减少0.573 cm。分枝数减少0.335个，新梢数减少0.455个，新梢长减少0.439 cm，茎粗减少0.585 mm，成活率减少0.529%的后果。肥料钙应控制在43 g/株以内，后期叶面施用，以免影响分枝数。通径分析表明，大多数情况下总镁每增加1 g，会造成单株叶片减少0.790片，苗高减少0.574 cm，叶长减少0.685 cm，叶宽减少0.650 cm。分枝数减少0.381个，新梢数减少0.517个，新梢长减少0.498 cm，茎粗减少0.664 mm，成活率减少0.600%的后果。蓝莓总镁临界值4.02~5.95 g，单株叶片 < 苗高 < 叶长 < 叶宽 < 分枝数 < 新梢数 < 新梢长 < 茎粗 < 成活率，蓝莓肥料镁临界值3.93~4.80 g，叶宽 < 单株叶片 < 苗高 < 新梢数 < 分枝数 < 新梢长 < 叶长 < 成活率 < 茎粗，肥料镁应该后期叶面施用，每株用量在4.0 g以内，以免影响成活率。通径分析表明：总硫直接增加1 g，基质PH降低0.267，EC增加0.538，蓝莓单株叶片减少0.679片，茎粗减少0.636 mm，分枝数减少0.364 cm，新梢数减少0.495个，叶长减少0.655 cm，叶宽减少0.623 cm，成活率减少0.574%，基质硫增加1 g，PH降低0.658，单株叶片增加0.495片，茎粗增加0.246 mm。硫应该在蓝莓基质上使用，可以降低基质PH，促进肥料溶解，增加肥料元素有效性。通径分析表明：肥料铁与单株叶片呈极显著负的通径关系(通径系数−0.629)。肥料铁增加1 g，单株叶片减少0.629片。总铁与单株叶片回归分析表明，总铁与单株叶片有极显著三次曲线回归关系。总铁临界值为11.96 g。

Abstract: Analysis showed that the total calcium increased by 1 mg resulted in a decrease of 0.625 blueberry leaves per plant, 0.505 cm in seedling height, 0.603 cm in leaf length, 0.573 cm in leaf width, 0.335 branches, 0.455 shoots, 0.439 cm in shoot length, 0.585 mm in stem diameter and 0.529% in survival rate. Each increase of 1 mg of total magnesium resulted in a decrease of 0.790 leaves per plant, 0.574 cm in seedling height, 0.685 cm in leaf length, 0.650 cm in leaf width, 0.381 branches, 0.517 shoots, 0.498 cm in shoot length, 0.664 mm in stem diameter and 0.600% in survival rate. The critical value of total magnesium is 4.02 - 5.95 mg, and the amount of fertilizer magnesium per plant is controlled within 4.0 mg to ensure the survival rate. Total sulfur increased by 1 mg, matrix PH decreased by 0.267, EC increased by 0.538, blueberry leaves decreased by 0.679, stem diameter decreased by 0.636 mm, branch number decreased by 0.364 cm, number of new shoots decreased by 0.495, leaf length decreased by 0.655 cm, leaf width decreased by 0.623 cm, and survival rate decreased by 0.574%. Substrate sulfur increased by 1 mg, PH decreased by 0.658, leaf increased by 0.495, stem diameter increased by 0.246 mm. The critical value of total iron was 11.96 mg. Fertilizer iron increased by 1 mg and individual leaf decreased by 0.629 pieces.