牡豆10号亲本追溯及遗传基础解析

Ancestors Tracking and Genetic Dissection for Released Soybean Cultivar Mudou 10

摘要: 牡豆10号是以黑农48为母本，黑河46为父本，经有性杂交，系谱法选育而成。本文建立牡豆10号亲本系谱树，追溯祖先亲本，统计祖先亲本的核遗传贡献率，分析系谱树大豆祖先亲本的遗传贡献。分析结果表明，牡豆10号属于吉林四粒黄细胞质家族，传递过程是：吉林四粒黄 → 黄宝珠 → 满仓金 → 克5501-3 → 绥农3号 → 绥农4号 → 绥81-242 → 黑农40 → 黑农48 → 牡豆10号。核基因由25个祖先亲本共同提供，十胜长叶、嫩78631、克山白眉、吉林四粒黄、金元、Amsoy、克山四粒黄、野3-A、黑龙江41、小粒豆9号、克霜、大白眉、小金黄、衰衣领、四粒黄、嘟噜豆、熊岳小黄豆、通州小黄豆、Korean、佳木斯秃荚子、Lincoln、Richland、柳叶齐、黄中20、尤比列。祖先亲本十胜长叶和嫩78631核遗传的贡献率最大为12.5%。金元、吉林四粒黄作为直接或间接亲本频次达到24次，遗传贡献率为8.74%。系谱树中含有东北大面积推广品种：黄宝珠、黑农40、黑河19、合丰25、满仓金、黑河3号、合丰23、绥农4号、绥农3号等核心祖先亲本，这些优良种质基因杂交重组，构成了牡豆10号种质遗传基础，使其具有高产、抗病、优质的遗传潜力。

Abstract: ‘Mudou 10’ was bred from female parent ‘Heinong 48’ and male parent ‘Heihe46’ through sexual hybridization and pedigree selection. Based on the pedigree tree and ancestral parent of ‘Mudou 10’, we analyzed the nuclear genetic contribution rate of ancestral parents and the genetic contribution of the core soybean germplasm spread in pedigree tree of ‘Mudou 10’. The result showed that ‘Mudou 10’ belonged to ‘Jilinsilihuang’ cytoplasmic family, and its transmission process was Ji-linsilihuang → Huangbaozhu → Mancangjin → Ke 5501-3 → Suinong 3 → Suinong 4 → Sui81-242 → Heinong 40 → Heinong 48 → Mudou 10. The nuclear genes were provided by 25 ancestral parents followed by ‘Shishengchangye’, ‘Nen 78631’, ‘Keshan white eyebrow’, ‘Jilin four-grain yellow’, ‘Jinyuan’, ‘Amsoy’, ‘Keshan four-grain yellow’, ‘Ye3-A’, ‘Heilongjiang 41’, ‘Xiaolidou 9’, ‘Keshuang’, ‘Da white eyebrow’, ‘Xiaojinhuang’, ‘Shuayiling’, ‘Silihuang’, ‘Duludou’, ‘Xiongyao little-grain yellow’, ‘Tongzhou little-grain yellow’, ‘Korean’, ‘Jiamusitudingzi’, ‘Lincoln’, ‘Richland’, ‘Liuyeqi’, ‘Huangzhong 20’ and ‘Youbilie’. The top two ancestor parents with larger nucleus inheritance contribution rate were ‘Shishengchangye’, ‘Nen 78631’, (12.50%). ‘Jinyuan’ (8.74%) and ‘Jilin Four-grain Yellow’ (8.74%) respectively, and the latter two parents were used 24 times as direct or indirect parents. Some core ancestor parents, such as ‘Huang Baozhu’, ‘Heinong 40’, ‘Heihe No. 19’, ‘Hefeng 25’, ‘Mancangjin’, ‘Heihe 3’, ‘Hefeng 23’ ‘Suinong No .4’ and‘Suinong No. 3’, were used to be widely promoted and applied in soybean production in Northeast China. The genes of these fine germplasms were hybridized and recombined. ‘Mudou 10’ constitutes the stag bean germplasm genetic basis, making it have the genetic potential of high yield, disease resistance, high quality.