贵州西部2019年初夏持续性暴雨天气对作物影响评估

Assessment of the Impacts of Persistent Rainstorm Weather on Crops in Early Summer of 2019 in Western Guizhou

摘要: 根据监测，贵州西部2019年6月6日~7日、9日~10日、12日~14日、16日~19日、23日~24日出现持续性暴雨天气，对水稻、玉米、马铃薯、蔬菜等农作物及果园、茶园等经济作物造成较大影响。利用贵州西部228个加密区域自动站降水资料，统计2019年初夏5次持续性累积降水量，并结合天气形势场和水汽场，分析持续性暴雨形成的原因。结果表明：5次持续性暴雨天气过程，500 hPa高原上均有低槽存在，西太平洋副热带高压基本位于广东、广西以南地区；700 hPa高原均有低涡切变存在；700 hPa云南中部–贵州西部水汽均较充足，其水汽通量均超过0.9 × 10⁻³ g∙S⁻¹∙hPa⁻¹∙cm⁻¹。5次持续性暴雨天气过程造成贵州西部地区粮食损失2.23万t，蔬菜损失0.35万t，水果损失0.31万t；农业直接经济损失10,718.97万元。

Abstract: According to the monitoring, there were persistent rainstorms on 6-7, 9-10, 12-14, 16-19 and 23-24 June of 2019 in Western Guizhou, which had a serious impact on rice, maize, potatoes, vegetables and cash crops such as orchards and tea gardens. Based on the precipitation data of 228 dense regional automatic stations in Western Guizhou Province, five continuous cumulative precipitation events in early summer of 2019 were counted, and the causes of persistent rainstorm were analyzed in combination with the weather situation field and water vapor field. The results show that there are low troughs on the 500 hPa plateau, the western Pacific subtropical high is located in the south of Guangdong and Guangxi, the 700 hPa plateau has low eddy shear, and the 700 hPa plateau has abundant water vapor in central Yunnan and Western Guizhou, and its water vapor flux is more than 0.9 × 10⁻³ g∙S⁻¹∙hPa⁻¹∙cm⁻¹. Five sustained rainstorms resulted in 22.3 thousand tons of grain loss, 3.5 thousand tons of vegetable loss, 3.1 thousand tons of fruit loss and 107.1897 million yuan of direct economic loss in agriculture in Western Guizhou.