氮磷添加对黄土丘陵区微地形梯度下天然草地群落的影响
Response of Grassland Community and Stoichiometry to Nitrogen and Phosphorus Addition on Micro-Topography in the Hilly Loess Plateau
DOI: 10.12677/IJE.2019.84038, PDF,   
作者: 方 昭：中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所，陕西 杨凌；陕西地建土地工程技术研究院有限责任公司，陕西 西安；陕西省土地工程建设集团有限责任公司，陕西 西安；自然资源部退化及未利用土地整治工程重点实验室，陕西 西安；陕西省土地整治工程技术研究中心，陕西 西安
关键词: 黄土丘陵区；微地形尺度；草地群落；氮磷添加；化学计量学特征；Loess Hilly Region； Micro-Landform； Grassland Community； Addition of Nitrogen and Phosphorus； Stoichiometry
摘要: 本研究以黄土丘陵区天然草地群落为研究对象，通过建立野外定位施肥试验，探究不同微地形(坡位、坡向)梯度下草地群落生物量及叶片、根系化学计量特征对氮磷添加的响应差异，以期为黄土丘陵区植被恢复和建设工作提供借鉴。结果表明：1) 草地群落在两种施肥处理后地上生物量呈现增加趋势，地上生物量对施肥处理的响应程度表现为N + P添加高于N添加；部分微地形地下生物量在施肥处理后出现下降趋势，草地群落总生物量在两种施肥处理后无显著差异，而且施肥处理对根系垂直分布格局均没有产生显著影响。2) 群落叶片N含量在两种施肥后均有所增加，叶片P含量在阳坡较施肥前均有所增加，但在阴坡变化趋势则较为复杂。两种施肥处理后叶片N/P质量浓度比均大于16，表明施肥后该区域草地生态系统受P限制较N限制更加明显。3) 两种施肥处理后，根系C含量变化不大，根系N、P含量整体均呈现不同的增加趋势，其中根系P含量变化达到显著差异(P < 0.05)；另外，根系C/N、C/P和N/P比均有所降低，根系C/P和N/P比分别在整个断面和阴坡下降趋势达到显著差异(P < 0.05)。
Abstract: In this study, natural grassland communities in loess hilly areas were taken as the research object, and field-positioned fertilization experiments were conducted to investigate the response of grass-land community biomass and the stoichiometric characteristics of leaves and roots to the addition of nitrogen and phosphorus under gradients of different micro-landforms (slope position, slope orientation). The difference is expected to provide reference for vegetation restoration and con-struction work in the Loess Hilly Region. The results showed that: 1) The aboveground biomass of grassland community showed an increasing trend after two kinds of fertilization treatments. The response degree of aboveground biomass to fertilization treatment was that N + P was added higher than N, part of the micro-terrain of underground biomass decreased in after fertilization treatment, no significant difference in the total biomass of grassland communities in the two fertilization treatments, and fertilization treatments on root vertical distribution pattern had no significant impact. 2) The N content in the leaves of the community increased after two kinds of fertilization. The content of P in the leaves increased on the sunny slope before fertilization, but the trend of the change on the shade was more complicated. The ratio of N/P concentration in leaves was greater than 16 after both treatments, indicating that the P limit of the grassland ecosystem in this area was more significant than that of N restriction. 3) After two fertilization treatments, the content of C in roots did not change much, and the contents of N and P in roots all showed different increasing trends. The change of P content in roots was significantly different (P < 0.05). In addition, the root C/N, the ratios of C/P and N/P were all decreased, and the C/P and N/P ratios of the roots were sig-nificantly lower in the whole section and in the decline of the shade (P < 0.05).
文章引用：方昭. 氮磷添加对黄土丘陵区微地形梯度下天然草地群落的影响[J]. 世界生态学, 2019, 8(4): 283-293. https://doi.org/10.12677/IJE.2019.84038

参考文献

[1] 徐冠华, 葛全胜, 宫鹏, 等. 全球变化和人类可持续发展: 挑战与对策[J]. 科学通报, 2013,58(21): 2100-2106.
[2] Jmo, S., Johnson, K. and Olson, R.J. (2002) Estimating Net Primary Productivity from Grassland Biomass Dynamics Measurements. Global Change Biology, 8, 736-753. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[3] 高清竹. 草地生态系统在应对全球气候变化中的作用[C]//中国草原可持续发展论坛. 2011中国草原可持续发展论坛论文集. 北京: 农业部草原监理中心, 2011: 110-115.
[4] Xiao, S.-S., Dong, Y.-S., Qi, Y.-C., et al. (2009) Advance in Responses of Soil Organic Carbon Pool of Grassland Ecosystem to Human Effects and Global Changes. Advances in Earth Science, 24, 1138-1148.
[5] 张文辉, 刘国彬. 黄土高原植被恢复与建设策略[J]. 中国水土保持, 2009(1): 24-27.
[6] 郝文芳, 陈存根, 梁宗锁, 等. 植被生物量的研究进展[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2008, 36(2): 175-182.
[7] 张彩琴, 张军, 李茜若. 草地植被生物量动态研究视角与研究方法评述[J]. 生态学杂志, 2015, 34(4): 1143-1151.
[8] Sterner, R.W. and Elser, J.J. (2002) Ecological Stoichiometry: The Biology of Elements from Molecules to the Biosphere. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 225-226. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[9] Hessen, D.O. and Elser, J.J. (2005) Elements of Ecology and Evolution. Oikos, 109, 3-5. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[10] 于贵瑞, 李轩然, 赵宁, 等. 生态化学计量学在陆地生态系统碳-氮-水耦合循环理论体系中作用初探[J]. 第四纪研究, 2014, 34(4): 201-210.
[11] 张寅. 黄土丘陵地貌景观定量研究[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 西安: 西北大学, 2012.
[12] 李松. 土壤养分与泥沙流失的初步试验分析[J]. 人民黄河, 1990(2): 64-67.
[13] 郭永盛, 李鲁华, 危常州, 等. 施氮肥对新疆荒漠草原生物量和土壤酶活性的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2011, 27(S1): 249-256.
[14] 何利元, 郭群, 李胜功, 等. 氮磷添加对内蒙古温带草地地上生物量的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2015, 26(8): 2291-2297.
[15] 李禄军, 曾德慧, 等. 氮素添加对科尔沁沙质草地物种多样性和生产力的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2009, 20(8): 1838-1844.
[16] 潘庆民, 白永飞, 韩兴国, 等. 氮素对内蒙古典型草原羊草种群的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2005, 29(2): 311-317.
[17] 祁瑜, 黄永梅, 王艳, 等. 施氮对几种草地植物生物量及其分配的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2010, 31(18): 5121-5129.
[18] 白雪, 程军回, 郑淑霞, 等. 典型草原建群种羊草对氮磷添加的生理生态响应[J]. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(2): 103-115.
[19] 杨晓霞, 任飞, 周华坤, 等. 青藏高原高寒草甸植物群落生物量对氮、磷添加的响应[J]. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(2): 159-166.
[20] Li, J.-Z., Lin, S., Taube, F., et al. (2011) Above and Belowground Net Primary Productivity of Grassland Influenced by Supplemental Water and Nitrogen in Inner Mongolia. Plant & Soil, 340, 253-264. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[21] 张彦东, 沈有信, 刘文耀. 金沙江干旱河谷退化草地群落对氮磷施肥的反应[J]. 植物研究, 2004, 24(1): 59-64.
[22] 张祎, 任宗萍, 李鹏, 等. 黄土丘陵区小流域生态恢复对土壤有机碳和全氮的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2018(1): 97-103.
[23] 邓强, 李婷, 袁志友, 焦峰. 黄土高原4种植被类型的细根生物量和年生产量[J]. 应用生态学报, 2014, 25(11): 3091-3098.
[24] 鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2007.
[25] 丁小慧, 罗淑政, 刘金巍, 等. 呼伦贝尔草地植物群落与土壤化学计量学特征沿经度梯度变化[J]. 生态学报, 2012, 32(11): 3467-3476.
[26] 张娜, 梁一民. 黄土丘陵区天然草地地下/地上生物量的研究[J]. 草业学报, 2002, 11(2): 72-78.
[27] Gilbertc, S., Samuelw, C., Joseph, A., et al. (2011) Spatial Distribution of Soil Phosphorus and Herbage Mass in Beef Cattle Pastures: Effects of Slope Aspect and Slope Position. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 89, 59-70. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[28] Lan, Z.-C. and Bai, Y.-F. (2012) Testing Mechanisms of N-Enrichment-Induced Species Loss in a Semiarid Inner Mongolia Grassland: Critical Thresholds and Implications for Long-Term Ecosystem Responses. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 367, 3125. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[29] Müller, I., Schmid, B. and Weiner, J. (2000) The Effect of Nutrient Availability on Biomass Allocation Patterns in 27 Species of Herbaceous Plants. Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution & Systematics, 3, 115-127. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[30] Scurlock, J.M.O., Johnson, K. and Olson, R.J. (2002) Estimating Net Primary Productivity from Grassland Biomass Dynamics Measurements. Global Change Biology, 8, 736-753. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[31] Zerihun, A. and Montagu, K.D. (2004) Belowground to Aboveground Biomass Ratio and Vertical Root Distribution Responses of Mature Pinus radiata Stands to Phosphorus Fertilization at Planting. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 34, 1883-1894. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[32] Persson, H., Ahlstrom, K. and Clemenssonlindell, A. (1998) Nitrogen Ad-dition and Removal at Gardsjon—Effects on Fine-Root Growth and Fine-Root Chemistry. Forest Ecology & Manage-ment, 101, 199-205. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[33] 樊维, 蒙荣, 陈全胜, 等. 不同施氮水平对克氏针茅草原地上地下生物量分配的影响[J]. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2010, 31(2): 74-76.
[34] Jackson, R.B., Canadell, J., Ehleringer, J.R., et al. (1996) A Global Analysis of Root Distributions for Terrestrial Biomes. Oecologia, 108, 389. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[35] Zheng, S.-X. and Shangguan, Z.-P. (2007) Spatial Patterns of Leaf Nutrient Traits of the Plants in the Loess Plateau of China. Trees, 21, 357-370. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[36] 沈艳, 谢应忠, 甄研, 等. 不同恢复措施对典型草原优势植物碳、氮、磷化学计量特征的影响[J]. 农业科学研究, 2013(3): 5-9.
[37] Güsewell, S. (2004) N:P Ratios in Terrestrial Plants: Variation and Functional Significance. New Phytologist, 164, 243-266. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[38] Chen, Y.-H., Han, W.-X., Tang, L.-Y., et al. (2013) Leaf Nitrogen and Phosphorus Concentrations of Woody Plants Differ in Responses to Climate, Soil and Plant Growth Form. Ecography, 36, 178-184. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[39] Dj, T.J.R. (2003) Use of Nitrogen to Phosphorus Ratios in Plant Tissue as an Indicator of Nutrient Limitation and Nitrogen Saturation. Journal of Applied Ecology, 40, 523-534. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[40] Alvarezclare, S. and Mack, M.C. (2015) Do Foliar, Litter, and Root Nitrogen and Phosphorus Concentrations Reflect Nutrient Limitation in a Lowland Tropical Wet Forest? PLoS ONE, 10, e123796. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]

为你推荐