美国“新一代合作社”演变与创新的理论分析

Theoretical Analysis of the Evolution and Innovation of the “New Generation of Cooperatives” in the West

摘要: “新一代合作社”是90年代初美国在传统合作社的基础上出现的新型合作经济组织。本文在简要概述“新一代合作社”的产生过程及其内外部原因的基础上，分析“新一代合作社”的演变内容，即在管理机制、社员资格管理、分配方式等三个主要方面的创新和调整，接着分析其三各方面的相对优势，即增强了资本实力和稳定性、改善了合作社的内部管理和推动了农户增收和农业发展；最后提出“新一代合作社”对我国合作社在资格管理模式、管理决策机制、筹资机制和分配机制等方面的重要启示。

Abstract: “New Generation Cooperatives” is a new type of cooperative economic organization that emerged on the basis of traditional cooperatives in the United States in the early 1990s. This article is based on a brief overview of the process of the “new generation of cooperatives” and its internal and external reasons, analysis of the evolution of “New Generation Cooperatives”, namely innovation and adjustment in three main aspects: management mechanism, membership management, and distribution methods, then analyzes the relative advantages of all aspects, it has enhanced capital strength and stability, improved the internal management of cooperatives, and promoted farmers’ income and agricultural development. Finally, it puts forward the important enlightenment of “New Generation Cooperatives” on the qualification management mode, management decision- making mechanism, financing mechanism and distribution mechanism of Chinese cooperatives.