蝙蝠粪便携带冠状病毒、肠道病毒、轮状病毒的研究进展
The Review of Coronavirus, Enterovirus, and Rotavirus Detected in Bats’ Feces
DOI: 10.12677/OJNS.2019.76070, PDF,    国家自然科学基金支持
作者: 潘 虹：大理大学，云南 大理；冯 云*：云南省地方病防治所病毒立克次体病防治科，云南 大理；董兴齐：云南省传染病专科医院，云南 昆明
关键词: 蝙蝠；粪便；病毒；聚合酶链式反应(PCR)；肠道病毒；轮状病毒；冠状病毒；Bats； Virus of Feces； Virus Isolation； PCR； Enterovirus； Rotavirus； Coronavirus
摘要: 主要内容：蝙蝠种类多、分布广，研究发现蝙蝠是具有“飞行能力的病毒库”，是多种人兽共患病和新发传染病的储存宿主。蝙蝠粪便污染水源、食物后会传播病原体，造成疾病流行。2010年以来国内外多个团队对蝙蝠肠道粪便标本做了宏基因组学以及PCR特异性扩增，从蝙蝠肠道中检测发现多种病毒，其中冠状病毒、肠道病毒、轮状病毒与人类疾病有密切关系，既往报道提示从蝙蝠粪便标本中分离到冠状病毒和轮状病毒，而未见肠道病毒分离的相关报道。目的：本文主要对蝙蝠肠道携带的病毒的地域分布进行描述以及整理，为今后对病毒在地域分布方面的研究提供线索。
Abstract: Main Content: As the host of a number of the new infectious diseases, so called the virus database, bat contains many species and distributes widely. The bats’ excreta pollutes water and foods, which can cause disease epidemics. Since the year of 2010, several national and international teams had discovered many new viruses by using metagenomics and PCR techniques specifying corresponding gene segments. Among them, coronavirus, enterovirus, and rotavirus relate to human diseases closely. Past reports mentioned that there were several strains of coronavirus and rotavirus had been isolated from the bats’ feces until today. Purpose: This article mainly focuses on the region area distribution of the viruses in bats’ feces, so that gives people some clues to study the region area distribution of viruses.
文章引用：潘虹, 冯云, 董兴齐. 蝙蝠粪便携带冠状病毒、肠道病毒、轮状病毒的研究进展[J]. 自然科学, 2019, 7(6): 596-603. https://doi.org/10.12677/OJNS.2019.76070

参考文献

[1] 何彪, 涂长春. 病毒宏基因组学的研究现状及应用[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2012(12): 1865-1870.
[2] 涂长春, 肖昌, 龚文杰. 蝙蝠-人兽共患病病毒的重要自然宿主动物[C]//中国畜牧兽医学会学术年会. 第二届全国人畜共患病学术研讨会论文集. 2009.
[3] 于恩庶, 徐国英, 刘岱伟, 等. 蝙蝠对人兽共患病的传播作用[J]. 中国人兽共患病学报, 2006, 22(5): 450-455.
[4] Ge, X., Yan L., X.Y., et al. (2012) Metagenomic Analysis of Viruses from Bat Fecal Samples Reveals Many Novel Viruses in Insectivorous Bats in China. Journal of Virology, 86, 4620-4630. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[5] 梁捷. 澳门地区蝙蝠携带病毒流行病学调查[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 广州: 广州大学, 2017.
[6] 杨凡力, 王意银, 郑文成, 等. 中国部分地区蝙蝠携带病毒的宏基因组学分析[J]. 生物工程学报, 2013, 29(5): 586-600.
[7] Donaldson, E.F., Haskew, A.N., Gates, J.E., et al. (2010) Metagenomic Analysis of the Viromes of three North American Bat Species: Viral Diversity among Different Bat Species that Share a Common Habitat. Journal of Virology, 84, 13004-13018. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[8] 陈刚, 马俊兴, 邱薇, 等. 1株蝙蝠来源细小病毒的分离鉴定[J]. 西南国防医药, 2014(7): 704-706.
[9] 郑雪燕. 蝙蝠直肠标本携带病毒的调查[D]: [博士学位论文]. 广州: 南方医科大学, 2016.
[10] 李兴宇. 我国东北三省蝙蝠病毒组学及其新病毒的鉴定[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 北京: 中国人民解放军军事医学科学院, 2016.
[11] Khetsuriani, N., Lamonte-Fowlkes, A., Oberst, S., et al. (2006) Enterovirus Surveillance-United States, 1970-2005. MMWR Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report, 55, 1-20. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[12] 李云逸, 陆菁, 王秀芝, 等. 2013-2014年上海市污水中人类肠道病毒的基因型分布[J]. 中华预防医学杂志, 2017, 51(2): 154-159.
[13] 肖建鹏. 湘琼两地蝙蝠携带星状病毒与诺如病毒的调查研究[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 广州: 南方医科大学, 2011.
[14] Antona, D., Leveque, N., Chomel, J.J., et al. (2007) Surveillance of Enteroviruses in France, 2000-2004. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 26, 403-412. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[15] Zhang, Y., Sun, Q., Cui, H., et al. (2016) Circulation of Multiple Serotypes of Highly Divergent Enterovirus C in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region of China. Scientific Reports, 6, 33595. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[16] 齐小秋, 贺雄, 陈丽娟, 等. 病原生物学检验——病毒: 经消化道传播的疾病[M]. 疾病预防控制专业人员培训系列教材, 卫生部病原生物学检验教材编写组.
[17] 罗明, 龚成, 史玲莉, 等. 五种常用轮状病毒检测方法的评价及应用策略[J]. 疾病监测, 2014, 29(3): 223-227.
[18] Matthijnssens, J., Ciarlet, M., Rahman, M., et al. (2008) Recommendations for the Classification of Group A Rotaviruses Using All 11 Genomic RNA Segments. Archives of Virology, 153, 1621-1629. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[19] Li, L., Victoria, J.G., Wang, C., et al. (2010) Bat Guano Virome: Predominance of Dietary Viruses from Insects and Plants plus Novel Mammalian Viruses. Journal of Virology, 84, 6955-6965. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[20] Gentsch, J.R., Laird, A.R., Bielfelt, B., et al. (2005) Serotype Diversity and Reassortment between Human and Animal Rotavirus Strains: Implications for Rotavirus Vaccine Programs. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 192, S146-S159. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[21] Santos, N. and Hoshino, Y. (2005) Global Distribution of Rotavirus Serotypes/Genotypes and Its Implication for the Development and Implementation of an Effective Rotavirus Vaccine. Reviews in Medical Virology, 15, 29-56. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[22] Iturriza-Gómara, M., Dallman, T., Bányai, K., et al. (2011) Rotavirus Genotypes Co-Circulating in Europe between 2006 and 2009 as Determined by EuroRotaNet, a Pan-European Collaborative Strain Surveillance Network. Epidemiology and Infection, 139, 895-909. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[23] Todd, S., Page, N., Duncan Steele, A., Duncan Steele, A., et al. (2010) Rotavirus Strain Types Circulating in Africa: Review of Studies Published during 1997-2006. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 202, S34-S42. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[24] Silva, M.F.M.T., Fernando López, L., Mariela Martínez, G., et al. (2011) VP7 Gene of Human Rotavirus A Genotype G5: Phylogenetic Analysis Reveals the Existence of Three Different Lineages Worldwide. Journal of Medical Virology, 83, 357-366. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[25] Iturriza-Gómara, M., Dallman, T., Bányai, K., et al. (2014) G8P[6] Rotaviruses Isolated from Amerindian Children in MatoGrosso do Sul, Brazil, during 2009: Close Relationship of the G and P Genes with Those of Bovine and Bat Strains. Journal of General Virology, 95, 627-641. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[26] 王文. 啮齿动物中冠状病毒的分子流行病学研究及登革病毒在非疫区的再现[D]: [博士学位论文]. 北京: 中国疾病预防控制中心, 2017.
[27] 解春红, 朱启镕. 轮状病毒肠炎的研究现状[J]. 中华传染病杂志, 2001, 19(2): 126-128.
[28] Esona, M.D., Mijatovic-Rustempasic, S., Conrardy, C., et al. (2010) Reassortant Group A Rotavirus from Straw-Colored Fruit Bat (Eidolon helvum). Emerging Infectious Diseases, 16, 1844-1852. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[29] 李广兴, 潘龙. 冠状病毒基因组结构和相关蛋白研究进展[J]. 东北农业大学学报, 2013, 44(9): 149-154.
[30] 董慧瑾, 钱渊, 农艺, 张又, 莫兆军, 李荣成. 一株与儿童腹泻相关的跨多种属的基因重配G3P[3]型轮状病毒[J]. 病毒学报, 2016, 32(2): 129-140.
[31] 夏乐乐, 何彪, 胡挺松, 等. 云南蝙蝠轮状病毒的分离与鉴定[J]. 病毒学报, 2013, 29(6): 632-637.
[32] 叶景荣, 徐建国. 冠状病毒的生物学特性[J]. 疾病监测, 2005, 20(3): 160-163.
[33] Vijaykrishna, D., Smith, G., Zhang, J., et al. (2007) Erratum: Evolutionary Insights into the Ecology of Coronaviruses (Journal of Virology (2007) 81, 8 (4012-4020)). Journal of Virology, 81, 8371. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[34] 张传海, 王一飞, 张美英, 等. SARS及其病原体研究进展[J]. 生命科学, 2003, 15(3): 129-133.
[35] 童志礼. 婴幼儿轮状病毒流行的新趋势——G9型轮状病毒全球流行综述[J]. 国际病毒学杂志, 2002, 9(4): 117-120.
[36] Osborne, C., Cryan, P.M., O’Shea, T.J., et al. (2011) Alphacoronaviruses in New World Bats: Prevalence, Persistence, Phylogeny, and Potential for Interaction with Humans. PLoS ONE, 6, e19156. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[37] Woo, P.C.Y., Wang, M., Lau, S.K.P., et al. (2007) Comparative Analysis of Twelve Genomes of Three Novel Group 2c and Group 2d Coronaviruses Reveals Unique Group and Subgroup Features. Journal of Virology, 81, 1574-1585. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[38] Jackwood, M.W. (2006) The Relationship of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus with Avian and Other Coronaviruses. Avian Diseases, 50, 315-320. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[39] Christina, T.K. (2013) HRSTR. Virology: SARS-CoV ancestor Found in Chinese Bats. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 11, 821. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]