达州市环境空气污染特征及其与气象要素的关系

Characteristics of Environmental Air Pollution in Dazhou and Its Relationship with Meteorological Elements

摘要: 本文利用达州市2015~2016年的污染数据和同期的气象数据，对达州市的污染特征进行分析，结果表明：达州市总体上空气质量较好，空气优良率达到了70%，主要的污染天数集中在冬季，这期间以细颗粒物PM_2.5的污染最为严重。污染物SO₂、NO₂、CO、PM₁₀和PM_2.5浓度的季节变化特征都是冬高夏低，但O₃浓度的季节变化却是夏高冬低；CO、PM₁₀和PM_2.5浓度的逐月变化图呈明显的“U”型特征，O₃浓度的逐月变化特征呈倒“U”型。最后，用6种主要污染物浓度与同期6种气象要素做相关性分析，得到气压、气温、降水量和风速这4种气象要素与各种污染物浓度的相关程度较高，其中O₃和4种气象要素的相关性与另外5种污染物的相关性完全相反。

Abstract: Based on the pollution data of Dazhou from 2015 to 2016 and the meteorological data of the same period, this paper analyzes the pollution characteristics of Dazhou and the results show: Dazhou has better air quality overall, and the excellent rate has reached 70%; the main days of pollution are concentrated in the winter, during which time the pollution of fine particulate matter PM_2.5 is the most serious. The seasonal variation characteristics of pollutants SO₂, NO₂, CO, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 are low in winter and high in summer, but the seasonal variation in O₃ concentration is low in summer and high in winter. The monthly change of CO, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations also showed obvious U-shaped features, and the monthly variation of O₃ concentration was inverted U-shaped. Finally, the correlation analysis between the six main pollutant concentrations and the six meteorological elements in the same period shows that the correlation between the four meteorological elements of air pressure, temperature, precipitation and wind speed with the concentration of various pollutants is higher, the correlation of O₃ and four meteorological elements associated is completely contrary with the other five pollutants.