面向大型活动的停车券优化模型

Parking Permit Distribution Model for Special Events

摘要: 本文研究了大型活动下终点停车资源在不同出行需求产生区的最优分配问题。大型活动停车规划的组织方做出停车券分配后，用户会选择合适的出行方式，并根据交通流状态进行出行路径决策，使其出行成本最小。将大型活动周边停车资源的有限性和出行者的出行方式选择行为结合起来，最优停车券分配问题可以描述为一个双层规划模型。其中，下层规划是考虑了停车券约束的logit多用户方式划分均衡模型，并构建了等价的凸规划模型，上层规划的目标是最小化系统的总出行成本。最后，通过算例验证了模型的有效性，表明停车券分配策略可以提高公共交通的分担率，同时减少活动周边的路段拥堵。

Abstract: In this paper, we study the optimal parking permit distribution schemes in different origins for special events when the destination has inadequate parking space to accommodate potential private cars. The user will choose the appropriate travel mode in terms of the parking permit distribution scheme made by the parking organizers, then make travel path decision to minimize total travel cost. Considering both parking constraint and user mode choice behavior, a bi-level programming model is proposed. The lower level programming is a mixed user mode choice equilibrium model under the condition of parking permit allocation, and the upper level programming aims to minimize the total travel cost. Finally, numerical examples are given to show that the effectiveness of the developed model, which demonstrates that parking permit distribution scheme, is efficient through increasing the use of public transport and reducing road congestion.