界定吴语区的同言线束

The Bundle of Isoglosses for Distinguishing the Wu Dialect as a Group

摘要: 本文立足于吴语的区别性特征，从《汉语方言地图集》选取6幅方言地图，在对所涉语言项目的种种变异形式进行两分的概括后分别绘制出同言线地图，并将它们综合在一起，从而呈现出可以用来界定吴语区的同言线束，最后还通过同言线和高程模拟的综合来观察各同言线对中心区的偏离程度。选取的6幅方言地图分别为：1) 语音卷039图(浊塞音塞擦音声母的演变)；2) 语音卷099图(桶_特字的声母)；3) 语音卷201图(打_特字的韵母)；4) 词汇卷006图(虹)；5) 词汇卷071图(屎)；6) 语法卷028图(不_{明天我~去})。

Abstract: This article is established in the distinctive features of the Wu dialect. The author selects 6 maps of dialect from Linguistic Atlas of Chinese Dialects and makes binary grouping on the various deviant forms of the linguistic items involved. After that, the writer draws isogloss maps and puts them together, thus presenting the bundle of isoglosses which can distinguish the Wu Dialect area. In the end, through the combination of the isoglosses and the elevation simulation, the writer observes the deviation degrees of the isoglosses from the central area. The selected maps of dialect are the following: 1) map 039 from the Speech Volume (Development of Qièyùn Voiced Obstruent Initials); 2) map 099 from the Speech Volume (The Initial in Special words tŏng); 3) map 201 from the Speech Volume (The Final in Special words dă); 4) map 006 from the Vocabulary Volume (“Rainbow”); 5) map 071 from the Vocabulary Volume (“Excrement”); 6) map 028 from the Grammar Volume (The Plain Negative bù (“not”))