莫莫格国家级自然保护区春迁期水鸟群落多样性

Diversity of Waterbirds Community during Spring Migration in Momogo National Nature Reserve

摘要: 本文2015~2019年每年3至4月期间，采用定点观察法、路线调查法，对莫莫格国家级自然保护区春季迁徙期的水鸟群落组成进行了野外调查：共记录水鸟6目13科51种。其中，有国家一级保护鸟类2种，国家二级保护鸟类7种。研究结果表明，2015年、2016年、2017年、2018年和2019年调查期间的水鸟物种数量分别为30种、33种、34种、28种、25种。其中，涉禽占据绝对优势，物种数量分别为18种、18种、20种、17种、14种，游禽次之，物种数量分别为12种、15种、14种、11种、11种。文从物种组成、区系组成、居留型、受胁保护状态四个方面对该地区春迁期鸟类群落数据进行整理，得出群落多样性Shannon-Wiener指数、优势度Simpson指数、均匀度Pielou指数和丰富度Margalaef指数。莫莫格国家级自然保护区为鸟类特别是水鸟提供了丰富的食物种类和适宜的栖息环境，而该保护区作为中国松嫩平原地区重要的水鸟保护区湿地，俨然已经成为鸟类迁徙途中重要的停歇地与生态廊道。本文根据历年间该保护区所发现鸟种的对比，结合实地考察的一手数据，分析该保护区春迁期的水鸟群落多样性，并针对保护区的保护现状提出相应管护建议。

Abstract: From March to April of each year from 2015 to 2019, a field survey was conducted on the commu-nity composition of waterbirds during the spring migration period in Momogo national nature re-serve using the method of spot observation and route survey: 51 species of waterbirds, 6 orders, 13 families were recorded. Among them, there are 2 species of birds under national level 1 protection and 7 species under national level 2 protection. The results show that 30 species, 33, 34, 28 and 25 species of waterbirds were counted in 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 respectively. Among them, wading birds occupy the absolute dominance with 18 species, 18 species, 20 species, 17 species and 14 species respectively, followed by swimming birds with 12 species, 15 species, 14 species, 11 species and 11 species respectively. In this paper, the community data of birds during spring migration in this area were sorted out from four aspects of species composition, floristic composition, residence type and threatened protection status, and the community diversity Shannon-wiener index, dominant Simpson index, evenness Pielou index and richness Margalaef index were obtained. Momogo national nature reserve provides birds, especially waterbirds, with a rich variety of food and a suitable habitat. As an important waterbird reserve wetland in songnen plain of China, Momogo national nature reserve has become an important resting place and ecological corridor for birds on their migration. According to the comparison of bird species found in the reserve over the years and the first-hand data of field investigation, the diversity of waterbirds community in the spring migration period in the reserve was analyzed, and the corresponding management and protection suggestions were put forward according to the protection status of the reserve.