地下水放射性污染物的检测与防护

Detection and Protection of Radioactive Pollutants in Groundwater

摘要: 地下水是一种重要水体，与人类生产生活密切相关。地下水污染具有隐蔽性和复杂性，且放射性污染危害大更不容易察觉，需借助专门的仪器设备方可感知。随着人体放射性疾病与日俱增，采用新仪器新技术开展地下水放射性污染监测，保护地下水生态环境越来越重视，掌握避免放射性伤害的防护措施，保护人民身体健康极为重要。本文介绍了最新国产FYFS-400X系列四通道低本底α、β测量仪检测地下水中放射性的探测原理、主体结构及监测流程，分析了地下水放射性污染的来源与危害程度，提出了实验室分析中预防放射性辐射伤害的防护措施。

Abstract: Groundwater is an important water body, which is closely related to human production and life. Groundwater pollution is of concealment and complexity, and the harm of radioactive pollution is more difficult to detect. It can only be perceived with the help of special instruments and equip-ment. With the increasing of human radiation diseases, it is very important to use new instruments and new technologies to monitor the radioactive pollution of groundwater, protect the ecological environment of groundwater, master the protective measures to avoid radiation injury and protect the health of people. This paper introduces the detection principle, main structure and monitoring process of the latest domestic FYFS-400X series four channel low background α and β measuring instrument for detecting radioactivity in groundwater, analyzes the source and harm degree of groundwater radioactive pollution, and puts forward the protective measures for preventing radiation injury in laboratory analysis.