心理距离与体型对初中生择友的影响

The Influence of Psychological Distance and Body Shape on Junior High School Students’ Choice of Friends

摘要: 目的：旨在了解初中生的择友标准，并进一步探讨不同的心理距离与体型对初中生择友标准的影响。方法：首先，参考前人研究自编择友标准问卷，问卷包括四个维度：内在分、附属分、外在表现分、优势分，在遵义市某中学进行发放，共发放了454份，有效问卷为386份。其次，抽取遵义市某中学84名初中生为实验被试，通过指导语进行想象最亲密的朋友30秒的操作将被试分为实验组和控制组，被试的任务是观看32张不同交友对象的图片，图片呈现后需回答关于亲切度、融入度和交友意愿程度的问题。结果：择友标准的总分、附属分和优势分在性别上存在显著差异，年龄与内在分和外在表现分存在负相关，总分、附属分和优势分在母亲职业性质上存在显著差异；实验中，组别与体型存在交互作用，进一步事后比较发现，在是否愿意和图片中的人交友这一维度上，相对于胖体型，人们更愿意和瘦体型的个体交朋友。结论：研究表明，初中生在交友过程中存在一定的交友标准，以交友对象的内在品质和外在表现为主，其他依次为优势(学习好、情商好等)、附属项目(家境优越、有权威等)。男女生和母亲不同职业性质对初中生择友存在影响。处于初中生阶段，随着年龄增长对于交友对象的内在品质和外在表现的重视程度会减少。交友对象体型的胖瘦会影响初中生择友的选择，初中生对体型痩的交友对象的交友意愿更高。

Abstract: Objective: To understand the criteria for selecting friends in junior high school students, and to further explore the influence of different psychological distances and body types on the criteria for selection of junior high school students. Methods: Referring to the predecessors’ research, the self-made selection criteria questionnaire consisted of four dimensions: internal score, subsidiary score, external score, and advantage score. It was distributed in a middle school in Zunyi City, and a total of 454 were issued. The valid questionnaire was 386 copies. 84 junior high school students were selected as experimental subjects. The 30-second operation of the most intimate friends was used to guide the subjects into experimental and control groups. The task of the subjects was to watch 32 pictures of a different dating object. After the image is presented, the subject needs to answer questions about the degree of intimacy, integration, and willingness to make friends. Results: There was a significant difference in gender between the total score, the affiliate score and the advantage score of the selection criteria. There was a negative correlation between age and internal score and external score. The total score, affiliate score and advantage score were significantly different in the mother’s occupational nature. In the experiment, there was an interaction between the group and the body type, and further comparison after the event found that on the dimension of whether to make friends with the people in the picture, people are more willing to make friends with thin individuals than fat ones. Conclusion: The research shows that junior high school students have certain dating standards in the process of making friends, mainly based on the intrinsic quality and external performance of the friends. The others in turn are advantages (good learning, good EQ, etc.), auxiliary projects (superior family background, authority, etc.). The different professional nature of male and female students and mothers has an impact on the selection of friends for junior high school students. At the junior high school level, the emphasis on the intrinsic quality and external performance of dating objects will decrease with age. The fat and thin body of the dating object will affect the selection of junior high school students, and the junior high school students will have a higher willingness to make friends with the lean body.