输电线路污闪前的大气环流特征分析

Characteristic Analysis of Atmospheric Circulation before Pollution Flashover on Power Transmission Lines

摘要: 利用石家庄地区1999~2018年电力污闪事故发生的详细资料，运用天气学原理和统计分析方法对43次发生个例最近一个时次天气形势和大气层结做细致分析。结果表明：发生电力污闪时大气环流形势场主要有四种配置类型，其中，第1类发生电力污闪的概率最高，其次是第2类与第3类，这两种发生电力污闪的概率相同，第4类发生电力污闪的概率最低；第1类当石家庄上空为高空槽控制，地面为地面倒槽、地面高压前部或地面鞍型场时；第2类当高空850 hPa至500 hPa为高压脊前(冷涡后偏北气流)，地面为地面高压底前部或地面倒槽时；第3类当高空700h Pa至500 hPa为高压脊(西北气流控制)，850 hPa存在切变线或槽线，地面为地面高压底前部，低压或均压场时；第4类当高空为偏西环流控制，地面为地面倒槽，地面高压底前部或高压后部时；近地层湿或存在逆温是电力污闪发生不可忽视的因素。

Abstract: Based on the detailed information on electric power pollution flashover from 1999 to 2018 in Shijiazhuang, weather situation and atmospheric stratification at latest time of 43 times occurrence case were analyzed by use of weather science and analysis method. The results showed that, atmospheric circulation situation had mainly four kinds of configuration types as electric power pollution flashover was occurring, the first kind of occurring electric power pollution flashover had the highest probability; the second kind and third kind had the same probability; and the fourth kind had the lowest probability. The first kind was high altitude being in high-level trough with lower altitude being in surface trough, the front of ground high pressure or ground saddle field. The second kind was 850 hPa to 500 hPa of high altitude being in the front of ridge of pressure with lower altitude being in the front of ground high pressure bottom or surface trough. The third kind was 700 hPa to 500hPa of high altitude being in ridge of pressure and 850hPa of high altitude being shear line or trough line with lower altitude being in the front of ground high pressure bottom, low pressure or uniform pressure field. The fourth kind was high altitude being in westerly flow with lower altitude being in surface trough, the front of ground high pressure bottom or high pressure rear. Surface layer that was wet and in which there was temperature inversion played an unneglectable role in leading to electric power pollution flashover occurring.