从破解“执行难”浅析当前民事强制执行制度

Analysis of the Current Civil Enforcement System from Cracking the “Difficult Implementation”

摘要: “执行难”问题一直以来都是最高人民法院对执行工作的关注点，纵观世界范围内执行程序的构造，单纯的“头痛医头脚痛医脚”，并不利于当前人民法院执行工作的顺利进行。“执行难”反映的深层问题是长期以来民事执行工作中的内在症结，对民事执行程序性质的认定、执行权的独立性及附属性、强制执行立法的滞后都是“执行难”面临的阻碍。通过分析英法德等主要国家的民事强制执行构造，可以从几个层面对我国民事强制执行制度进行完善，包括审执分离、执行机构和人员的重整、健全民事执行相关辅助制度，尤为重要的还是今后我国强制执行的立法进程。

Abstract: The issue of “difficult enforcement” has always been the focus of the Supreme People’s Court on enforcement. Looking at the structure of enforcement procedures around the world, the simple “stop-gap measures for headaches and pains” are not in line with the smooth implementation ex-ecution of people’s courts currently. The deep problems reflected by “difficult enforcement” have been the inherent sticking points in civil enforcement for a long time. The recognition of the nature of civil enforcement procedures, the independence and affiliation of enforcement rights, and the lagging of enforcement legislation are all obstacles to “difficult enforcement”. By analyzing the structure of civil enforcement in major countries such as Britain, France and Germany, it is possible to improve China’s civil enforcement system from several levels, including separation of trials and executions, reorganization of enforcement agencies and personnel, and improvement of related auxiliary systems for civil enforcement. What is particularly important is still the legislative process of enforcement in China in the future.