老年轻度认知障碍影响因素研究

Study on the Influencing Factors of Mild Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly

摘要: 目的：探讨老年人轻度认知障碍(Mild cognitive impairment, MCI)发病的影响因素，并且进一步得出保护因素和危险因素。方法：选取2015年10月至2019年10月于老年医学科及体检中心诊治并符合入组标准的625例老年人做为研究对象，其中MCI组330人，正常对照(Normal cognitive, NC)组295人。采用简易智能精神状态量表(MMSE)、临床痴呆量表(CDR)评估认知功能，日常生活活动能力量表(ADL)评估生活能力，并收集人口学、生活方式及所患慢性疾病等资料。采用2检验得出发生MCI的影响因素，Logistic回归分析得出保护因素及危险因素。结果：2检验得出：MCI组与NC组比较在年龄、教育程度、居住情况、吸烟、饮茶、午睡、体育锻炼、社会交往、业余爱好、高脂饮食、高血压病、糖尿病、高血脂方面差异有统计学意义(均P < 0.05)。Logistic回归分析得出：低教育程度、独居、吸烟、高脂饮食、高血脂是MCI发生的危险因素；低龄、饮茶、午睡、社会交往、业余爱好是MCI发生的保护因素(均P < 0.05)。结论：老年人MCI与年龄、教育程度、生活方式及慢性病等多种因素相关，应及早针对性地干预。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the influencing factors of mild cognitive impairment in the elderly, and to further find out the protective factors and risk factors. Methods: A total of 625 elderly people who were diagnosed and treated in geriatrics and physical examination centers from October 2015 to October 2019 were selected as subjects, including 330 cases in MCI group and 295 cases in normal control group (Normal cognitive, NC). The cognitive function was evaluated by Mini Mental State scale (MMSE) and Clinical dementia scale (CDR). The activities of daily living scale (ADL) was used to evaluate the ability of life, and the data of demography, life style and chronic diseases were collected. The influencing factors of MCI were obtained by 2 test, and the protective factors and risk factors were obtained by Logistic regression analysis. Results: There were significant differences in age, education, living condition, smoking, tea drinking, Siesta, physical exercise, social communication, hobby, high fat diet, hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia between MCI group and NC group (all P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that low education, living alone, smoking, high-fat diet and hyperlipidemia were risk factors for MCI, while low age, tea drinking, Siesta, social communication and hobbies were protective factors for MCI. Conclusion: The MCI of the elderly is related to many factors, such as age, education level, lifestyle and chronic diseases, so it should be intervened as soon as possible.