天津市民宿开发的问题与对策

A Study on the Problems and Countermeasures of Homestay Industry Development in Tianjin

摘要: 随着中国经济的快速发展，人民的生活水平日益提高，大众旅游时代已经到来。深度旅游和个性化需求增多以及互联网带来的共享经济，催生并推动了民宿业在我国的快速发展。但何为“民宿”，行业内尚未形成统一、明确的定义。本文首先通过简单梳理国内外对民宿定义的研究，总结出三点共性：(1) 民宿的房屋所有权为私人所有，且房屋面积有限；(2) 民宿不仅满足基础性的住宿需求，还体现所在地的自然环境、人文风俗；(3) 民宿更多提供的是个性化的服务。通过我国民宿行业发展现状分析及天津市民宿发展SWOT分析可以看出，广阔的市场和数量繁多的旅游资源是天津发展民宿的优势所在；国家层面法规制度的出台给天津发展民宿带来了机遇；周边城市民宿发展则对天津民宿形成挑战；行业监管不规范，安全隐患多，开发规划存在问题，环境破坏严重更是天津民宿开发的四大问题。为此，笔者建议天津市完善监管机制，打造品牌，突出特色，专业化经营，培养专业运营人才，列入政府采购计划，推进“民宿+”模式，希望能为天津民宿行业发展提供帮助。

Abstract: With the rapid development of China’s economy and the improvement of people’s living standards, the era of mass tourism is coming. The increase of the demand for in-depth tourism and personal-ization as well as the sharing economy brought by the internet has promoted the rapid develop-ment of homestay industry in China. But what is “homestay”, the industry has not yet formed a unified, clear definition. Firstly, through a brief review of the research on the definition of homestay facilities at home and abroad, this paper summarizes three commonalities: (1) the housing ownership of homestay facilities is privately owned and the housing area is limited; (2) in addition to meeting basic accommodation needs, homestay facilities should also reflect the local natural environment and cultural customs; (3) homestays provide more personalized services. Through the analysis of the development status of the homestay industry in China and the SWOT analysis of the development of homestay in Tianjin, it can be seen that the vast market and a large number of tourism resources are the advantages of the development of homestay in Tianjin. The introduction of laws and regulations at the national level brings opportunities to the development of homestay facilities in Tianjin. The development of homestay facilities in surrounding cities poses challenges to homestay facilities in Tianjin. The four major problems in the development of homestay facilities in Tianjin are non-standard industry supervision, many safety risks and problems in development planning and serious environmental damage. Therefore, the author suggests that Tianjin improves supervision, builds brand, highlights characteristics, professional operating, trains professional operation personnel, includes in the government procurement plan, promotes the “homestay+” model, hoping to provide help for the development of the homestay industry in Tianjin.