耦合海浪的地球系统模式FIO-ESM

FIO-ESM: The Earth System Model Coupled with Ocean Surface Gravity Waves

摘要: 地球系统模式是定量描述气候系统的数值模型，也是理解和预测气候变化、评估人类对气候变化影响的核心工具，其发展是全球变化领域的前沿。尽管当前地球系统模式取得了巨大的进步，但仍面临一些共性偏差问题。自然资源部第一海洋研究所通过引入小尺度海浪在海洋混合和海气通量上的作用，率先发展了两代耦合海浪的地球系统模式FIO-ESM，能够有效减缓模拟偏差，提高模拟和预测能力。本文围绕耦合海浪分量模式这一特色，以FIO-ESM模式中引入的浪致混合、斯托克斯漂流对海气通量作用、海浪飞沫对热通量作用和海表温度日变化过程等4种特色物理过程为切入点，阐述了两代模式发展的考量，总结了FIO-ESM在气候变化研究和短期气候预测上的应用，系统回顾了两代模式的发展历程。最后，结合海浪在气候系统中的作用，对地球系统模式未来发展进行了展望，为模式的发展提供参考。

Abstract: The Earth System Model (ESM), a numerical model for the quantitative description of the climate system, is the key tool for understanding and predicting climate change as well as assessing impacts of human on climate change. Its development is at the forefront of global change. Although the state-of-the-art ESMs have made great progress, they are still suffering from several common simulated problems. By incorporating the ocean surface wave model into ESM through the role of small-scale waves on the ocean vertical mixing and air sea fluxes, two generations of FIO-ESM are innovatively developed by the First Institute of Oceanography (FIO), which can effectively reduce the simulation biases. Focused on the effects of ocean surface waves on climate system, this paper mainly reviewed the background and history of the two-generation FIO-ESM development through introducing four distinctive physical processes including the wave-induced vertical mixing, the air-sea flux induced by Stokes drifts, the heat flux associated with sea spray, and the SST diurnal cycle scheme. And the simulation ability and applications on the climate change and short-term prediction are also introduced. Finally, the future development and suggestions of the ESM is discussed from the perspective of the role of ocean surface waves on the ESM.