高低焦虑大学生对情绪面孔的注意偏向特征

Attention Bias Characteristics of High and Low Anxiety College Students to Emotional Faces

摘要: 为探究高焦虑个体是否存在注意偏向且对负性情绪存在注意警觉还是注意解除困难，以大学生作为研究对象。本实验采用点探测范式，使用Spielberger等人编制的状态–特质焦虑量表来测定研究对象的焦虑程度，采用NimStim面孔表情图片库中的图片作为刺激材料，采用2 (情绪面孔类型：恐惧、愉快) × 2 (线索有效性：有效、无效) × 2 (焦虑水平：高、低)的混合实验设计。结果发现，高焦虑大学生在恐惧情绪面孔条件下，对无效提示线索下的反应时显著长于有效提示线索下的反应时；在无效线索提示条件下，对恐惧情绪面孔的反应时显著长于对愉快情绪面孔的反应时；低焦虑大学生在不同条件下，差异均不显著。因此，低焦虑大学生不存在注意偏向，而高焦虑大学生存在注意偏向且对恐惧情绪面孔表现出注意解除困难。

Abstract: To find out whether anxious individuals have attentional biases towards negative emotion and its internal mechanism, we chose college students as participants. The independent variables included emotional types (fear and pleasure), cue validity (effective and ineffective) and anxiety level (high and low). With pictures from NimStim facial expression image library as stimulus materials, the participants, after seeing a pair of pictures presented by the computer, should respond to the “*” position as soon as possible, then recorded the reaction time and the accuracy. The results showed that for the high-anxiety participants, in the condition of fear, the reaction time of ineffective cues is longer than the reaction time of effective cues and in the condition of ineffective cues, the reaction time of fear is longer than the reaction time of pleasure. Therefore, the high-anxiety participants had attentional biases while the low-anxiety participants did not and the internal mechanism of this attentional biase is an attentional avoidance.