跳跃着陆过程中膝关节力学性能的仿真分析

Biomechanical Analysis of Knee Joint during the Process of Jumping and Landing

摘要: 利用双Kinect无标记运动捕捉系统和AnyBody Modeling System™生物力学仿真软件相结合，分析跳跃着陆过程中不同膝关节屈曲角度的情况下人体膝关节的相关力学性能。双Kinect采集不同组测试者跳跃着陆的运动数据，AnyBody软件建立人体下肢肌肉骨骼模型，通过仿真分析得到跳跃着陆过程中不同的膝关节最大屈曲角度下膝关节生物力学参数的差异，并探究它们与韧带负荷的作用关系。仿真结果表明：着陆后达到的膝关节屈曲角度较大时前交叉韧带的拉力显著小于小屈曲角度的情况(p < 0.05)，股四头肌收缩力(p < 0.05)、腱肌收缩力(p < 0.05)和膝关节前后剪切力(p < 0.001)在着陆时膝关节不同屈曲角度下的差异存在显著性。在着陆过程中，采用较大的膝关节屈曲角度着陆，有利于减小地面对下肢、膝关节的冲击力，减小膝关节负荷，同时，更小的股四头肌收缩力和腱肌的拮抗作用，也有利于减小前交叉韧带的应变和负荷。因此，在跳跃着陆过程中，采取较大的膝关节屈曲角度可能是有利于避免前交叉韧带损伤的正确技巧。

Abstract: The biomechanics of human knee joint during a cyclic process of jumping and landing were analyzed with unmarked motion capture system and AnyBody Modeling System™ dual camera system was used to capture motions during the process and results were further analyzed on AnyBody Modeling System™. The AnyBody software builds a model of a human lower limb musculoskeletal skeleton and it was used for simulation analysis to obtain the difference of knee biomechanics parameters under different maximum knee flexion angles during jumping and landing, and explore the relationship between them and ligament load. The simulation results showed that larger maximum knee flexion angle after landing resulted in smaller ACL load (p < 0.05), and there were significant differences in the contractile force of quadriceps femoris (p < 0.05), tendon muscle contractile force (p < 0.05) and the shear force before and after knee joint (p < 0.001) under the two experimental conditions. In the process of landing, landing at a larger knee flexion angle is conducive to reducing the impact force on the lower limbs and knees and reducing the knee joint load. Meanwhile, the antagonistic effect of quadriceps femoris contraction force and tendon muscle is also conducive to reducing the strain and load of the anterior cruciate ligament. Therefore, a large knee flexion Angle may be the right technique to avoid ACL injury during jump landing.