心智游移的普遍性和特异性
Universality and Specificity of Mind Wandering
DOI: 10.12677/AP.2020.103030, PDF,   
作者: 安玉萌：西南大学心理学部，重庆
关键词: 心智游移；普遍性；特异性；Mind Wandering； Universality； Specificity
摘要: 围绕心智游移的普遍性和特异性这一主题，本文分别从时间特征、环境特征、年龄特征和临床特征等方面进行阐述，既表明心智游移的普遍性，也说明不同情境下心智游移也存在特异性。理解心智游移的普遍性，可以帮助正视心智游移；理解特异性，为不同情境下应对心智游移提供指导。
Abstract: Around the generality and specificity of mind wandering, this paper expounds the time characte-ristics, environmental characteristics, age characteristics and clinical characteristics respectively, which not only indicates the universality of mind wandering, but also indicates that there is speci-ficity of mind wandering under different situations. Understanding the universality of mind wan-dering can help to face up to mind wandering correctly; understanding the specificity provides guidance for coping with mind wandering in different situations.
文章引用：安玉萌 (2020). 心智游移的普遍性和特异性. 心理学进展, 10(3), 237-242. https://doi.org/10.12677/AP.2020.103030

参考文献

[1] 程凯, 曹贵康(2014). 走神的理论假设、影响因素及其神经机制. 心理科学进展, 22(9), 1435-1445.
[2] 胡月(2018). 大学生媒体多任务行为对阅读中心智游移的影响研究. 武汉: 中国地质大学.
[3] 李冲(2012). 关于老年人与年轻人心智游移频率差异的实验研究. 杭州: 浙江师范大学.
[4] 孙悦(2017). 高速公路驾驶情境下驾驶员心智游移对其驾驶行为的影响. 杭州: 浙江工业大学.
[5] 王华(2018). 视觉工作记忆容量与走神的关系. 重庆: 西南大学.
[6] Andrews-Hanna, J. R. (2012). The Brain’s Default Network and Its Adaptive Role in Internal Mentation. The Neuroscientist, 18, 251-270.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[7] Baird, B., Smallwood, J., Mrazek, M. D., Kam, J. W. Y., Franklin, M. S., & Schooler, J. W. (2012). Inspired by Distraction: Mind Wandering Facilitates Creative Incubation. Psychological Science, 23, 1117-1122.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[8] Barron, E., Riby, L. M., Greer, J., & Smallwood, J. (2011). Ab-sorbed in Thought. Psychological Science, 22, 596-601.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[9] Busby Grant, J., & Walsh, E. (2016). Exploring the Use of Expe-rience Sampling to Assess Episodic Thought. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 30, 472-478.[CrossRef] 
[10] Christoff, K., Gordon, A. M., Smallwood, J., Smith, R., & Schooler, J. W. (2009). Experience Sampling during fMRI Reveals Default Network and Executive System Contributions to Mind Wan-dering. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106, 8719-8724.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[11] El Haj, M., Antoine, P., Moustafa, A. A., Roche, J., Quaglino, V., & Gallouj, K. (2019). Off-Track Thoughts: Intentional and Unintentional Mind Wandering in Alzheimer’s Disease. Geria-trics & Gerontology International, 19, 342-346.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[12] Giambra, L. M. (2016). Frequency and Intensity of Daydreaming: Age Changes and Age Differences from Late Adolescent to the Old-Old. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 19, 229-267.[CrossRef] 
[13] Helfer, B., Cooper, R. E. et al. (2019). The Effects of Emo-tional Lability, Mind Wandering and Sleep Quality on ADHD Symptom Severity in Adults with ADHD. European Psy-chiatry, 55, 45-51.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[14] Hurlburt, R. T. (1979). Random Sampling of Cognitions and Behavior. Journal of Research in Personality, 13, 103-111.[CrossRef] 
[15] Kane, M. J., Brown, L. H., McVay, J. C., Silvia, P. J., Myin-Germeys, I., & Kwapil, T. R. (2007). For Whom the Mind Wanders, and When an Experience-Sampling Study of Working Memory and Executive Control in Daily Life. Psychological Science, 18, 614-621.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[16] Killingsworth, M. A., & Gilbert, D. T. (2010). A Wandering Mind Is an Unhappy Mind. Science, 330, 932.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[17] Klinger, E., & Cox, W. M. (1987). Dimensions of Thought Flow in Everyday Life. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 7, 105-128.[CrossRef] 
[18] McCormack, T., Burns, P., O’Connor, P., Jaroslawska, A., & Caruso, E. M. (2019). Do Children and Adolescents Have a Future-Oriented Bias? A Developmental Study of Sponta-neous and Cued Past and Future Thinking. Psychological Research, 83, 774-787.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[19] McVay, J. C., & Kane, M. J. (2009). Conducting the Train of Thought: Working Memory Capacity, Goal Neglect, and Mind Wandering in an Executive-Control Task. Journal of Ex-perimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 35, 196-204.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[20] Seli, P., Ralph, B., Konishi, M., Smilek, D., & Schacter, D. L. (2017). What Did You Have in Mind? Examining the Content of Intentional and Unintentional Types of Mind Wandering. Consciousness and Cognition, 51, 149-156.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[21] Seli, P., Risko, E. F., Purdon, C., & Smilek, D. (2017). Intrusive Thoughts: Linking Spontaneous mind Wandering and OCD Symptomatology. Psychological Research, 81, 392-398.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[22] Smallwood, J., & Schooler, J. W. (2006). The Restless Mind. Psy-chological Bulletin, 132, 946-958.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[23] Smallwood, J., & Schooler, J. W. (2015). The Science of Mind Wandering: Empirically Navigating the Stream of Consciousness. The Annual Review of Psychology, 66, 487-518.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[24] Smallwood, J., Fishman, D. J., & Schooler, J. W. (2007). Counting the Cost of an Absent Mind: Mind Wandering as an Under-Recognized Influence on Educational Performance. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14, 230-236.[CrossRef] 
[25] Smallwood, J., Mrazek, M. D., & Schooler, J. W. (2011). Medicine for the Wandering Mind: Mind Wandering in Medical Practice. Medical Education, 45, 1072-1080.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[26] Smith, G. K., Mills, C., Paxton, A., & Christoff, K. (2018). Mind-Wandering Rates Fluctuate across the Day: Evidence from an Experience-Sampling Study. Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 3, 54.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[27] Varao-Sousa, T. L., & Kingstone, A. (2019). Are Mind Wandering Rates an Artifact of the Probe-Caught Method? Using Self-Caught mind Wandering in the Classroom to Test, and Reject, This Possibility. Behavior Research Methods, 51, 235-242.[CrossRef] [PubMed]