广西扶绥黑叶猴和白头叶猴冬季主要食物水分含量的比较研究

Comparative Study on Water Content of Main Foods of White-Headed Langur and Fran?ois’ Langur in Fusui County in Winter, Guangxi

摘要: 在南方喀斯特环境，冬季是一年中最为干旱的时间，水份很容易成为动物食物选择考虑的因素。白头叶猴与黑叶猴是典型的喀斯特的近缘灵长类，为了研究食物中的水分是否影响这两种叶猴对食物的选择，探讨这两种叶猴在水分缺乏的季节对水分适应方式是否相似，利用瞬时扫描法观察叶猴的食物选择，并采集它们取食的种类和部位，测定其水分含量，分析水分含量对食物选择的影响。研究表明，白头叶猴采食22种植物，食物的平均水分含量为72.29% ± 7.62 (变化范围是62.13%~89.48%)；黑叶猴采食植物17种，采食植物的平均水分含量为70.94% ± 7.15 (变化范围是56.78%~83.56%)。两种叶猴冬季主要采食植物的水分含量无显著差异(P = 0.472)，冬季植物的水分含量对白头叶猴和黑叶猴在食物的选择上影响不显著(白头叶猴：P = 0.58；黑叶猴：P = 0.995)。因此，冬季两种叶猴在食物选择时，对水分的需求具有相似性。这很可能是它们具有相似的生理结构的结果。

Abstract: In southern karst environments, where winter is the driest time of the year, water is easily considered for animal food selection. White-headed langur and François’ langur are typical karst primate relatives. A survey was conducted on whether the moisture in food affected the two langurs’ food selection, whether the moisture adjustment mechanism was similar in the season of water deficiency between the two langurs by a method of instantaneous scanning to observe the food selection of langur, to collect the types and parts of their feeding, to determine the moisture content and to analyze the influence of the water content on the food selection. 22 species of plants were recorded in white-headed langur. The results showed that the average moisture content of the food was 72.29% ± 7.62 (ranging from 62.13% to 89.48%). The average water content of the 17 species of plants fed by the langur was 70.94% ± 7.15 (ranging from 56.78% to 83.56%). The significant difference of water content was not found in the main feeding plants in winter (P = 0.472), while such variation was not also found in the water content of winter plants among two species about food selection (P = 0.58; Black langur: P = 0.995). Therefore, the demand for water is similar in winter in food selection, which is likely the result of their similar physiological structure.