不同消解方法对土壤中重金属含量的检测研究

Study on the Determination of Heavy Metals in Soil by Different Digestion Methods

摘要: 采用全消解法和微波消解法处理采自万源某地区6个点土壤样品，并利用电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)测定样品中的硒、砷和镉、铬、汞、铅4种重金属含量，对比两种消解方法的准确度和精密度等指标。结果表明，两种消解方法均具有良好的相关性，测定值均在标准物质的不确定度范围内，相对标准偏差均小于10%，其中微波消解法相对标准偏差小于5%。对比发现，微波消解法具有消解时间短、样品消解较彻底、所需试剂较少等优点，在准确度、精密度、操作简便程度等方面均优于全消解法。

Abstract: Six soil samples collected from a certain area of Wanyuan were treated by total digestion and microwave digestion, and the contents of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, mercury, lead and selenium in the samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). The accuracy and precision of the two digestion methods were compared. The results show that the two digestion methods have good correlation, the measured values are within the uncertainty range of the reference material, the relative standard deviation is less than 10%, and the relative standard deviation of microwave digestion method is less than 5%. By comparison, it is found that the microwave digestion method has the advantages of short digestion time, thorough sample digestion and less reagents, and is superior to the total digestion method in accuracy, precision and simplicity of operation.