中西美术作品欣赏的眼动研究

Eye Movement Study of Chinese and Western Art Appreciation

摘要: 研究目的：1) 分析中西美术作品欣赏是否存在眼动差异。2) 分析中西美术作品欣赏的艺术性评价是否存在差异。研究方法：从某高校随机抽取大学生20名，对40幅油画和国画进行欣赏，并完成艺术性评价任务。使用眼动仪记录被试的注视点个数，注视时间等眼动数据。实验采用2 (作品类型：国画、油画) × 3 (内容类型：山水人物画、人物肖像画、山水画)被试内设计。研究结果：在艺术性评价上内容类型的主效应显著，F(2,18) = 3.550，p < 0.05。作品类型和内容类型的交互作用显著，F(2,18) = 4.394，p < 0.05。在注视点个数上内容类型的主效应显著F(2,18) = 25.714，p < 0.001。作品类型和内容类型的交互作用显著F(2,18) = 16.037，p < 0.001。在注视时间上作品类型的主效应显著，F(1,19) = 1.874，p < 0.001。内容类型的主效应显著F(2,18) = 23.101，p < 0.001。作品类型和内容类型的交互作用显著F(2,18) = 5.829，p < 0.05。热点图的研究发现，在欣赏山水画(风景画)时，被试倾向于看纹理丰富或颜色深的区域；在欣赏山水人物画(风景人物画)时，被试倾向于注视画中的人物；在欣赏人物肖像画时，被试倾向于欣赏人物的面部和手。在欣赏国画时，被试会注视画中的题诗和印章。研究结论：作品类型和内容类型影响被试对图片的欣赏。被试对山水画(风景画)的评价显著高于对山水人物画(风景人物画)的评价，高于对人物肖像画的评价。被试在人物肖像画上的注视点个数显著高于山水人物画(风景人物画)，高于山水画(风景画)的注视点个数。被试在国画上的注视时间显著大于在油画上的注视时间。被试在肖像画上的注视时间显著大于在山水人物(风景人物画)，大于在山水画(风景画)上的注视时间。被试在欣赏绘画作品时倾向于关注人物，以及颜色深和纹理丰富的区域，国画中的题诗与印章也获得被试较多的注视。

Abstract: Objective: 1) Analysis of Chinese and Western art appreciation of eye movement differences. 2) Analysis of Chinese and Western art appreciation of the artistic evaluation differences. Methods: Twenty students were randomly selected from a University, and 40 oil paintings and Chinese paintings were appreciated and the artistic evaluation task was completed. Use the eye tracker to record the number of gaze points, gaze time and other eye movement data. The experiment uses 2 (work type: Chinese painting, oil painting) × 3 (content type: landscape figures painting, portraits, landscape painting) within-subjects design. Results: The main effect of the content type on the ar-tistic evaluation is significant, F(2,18) = 3.550, p < 0.05. The interaction between the work type and the content type is significant, F(2,18) =4.394, p < 0.05. The main effect of the content type on the number of fixations is significant, F(2,18) = 25.714, p < 0.001. The interaction between the work type and the content type is significant F (2,18) = 16.037, p < 0.001. The main effect of the type of work on the duration of the fixation is significant, F(1,19) = 1.874, p < 0.001. The main effect of the content type is significant, F(2,18) = 23.101, p < 0.001. The interaction between the work type and the content type is significant, F(2,18) = 5.829, p < 0.05. The study of the fixation map shows that when the landscape painting (landscape painting) is appreciated, the subjects tend to look at areas rich in texture or deep color. In the appreciation of landscape figures, subjects tend to pay attention to the characters in the painting. In the appreciation of the portrait, the subjects tend to appreciate the characters face and hands. In the appreciation of Chinese painting, the subjects will pay attention to the painting in the poem and seal. Conclusion: The type of work and the type of content affect the subject’s appreciation of the picture. The evaluation of the landscape painting was significantly higher than that of the landscape figure painting and was higher than that of the portraits. The number of fixations in the portraits of the subjects was significantly higher than that of the landscape figures and was higher than that of the landscape painting. The time of gaze in Chinese painting was significantly greater than that of oil painting. The duration of the subjects’ fixation on the portrait was significantly greater than the time on the landscape figure painting, and was greater than the time on the landscape painting. Subjects in the appreciation of painting works tend to focus on people, as well as deep color and texture rich areas; the poem and seal in Chinese painting also get more attention.