经济学视角下科学技术成果的产权界定问题初探

On the Definition of Property Right of Scientific and Technological Achievements from the Perspective of Economics

摘要: 在专利领域，长期存在着一对矛盾，即专利权人和专利技术的潜在使用者之间的矛盾，具言之，即是专利权人强调其独占享有专利技术并据此谋取收益及利润，从而反对专利技术的潜在使用者不经其授权便使用其享有专利权的技术的行为，而专利技术的潜在使用者则强调他们在符合特定条件的情况下有权分享社会演变而带来的科学技术的进步。欲调和这对矛盾，便不可避免的将形成相关公共利益和阻止专利权领域范围内的侵权行为的原则和具体规范。本文将从经济学视角对享有专利权的技术成果的产权界定问题予以初步的探析。

Abstract: In the field of patents, there has been a long-standing contradiction between the patentee and the potential user of the patented technology. In other words, the patentee emphasizes that it exclusively enjoys the patented technology and seeks income and profit accordingly, thus opposing potential users of patented technology to use their patented technology without their authorization, while potential users of patented technology emphasize that they have the right to share the scientific and technological progress brought about by social evolution when they meet certain conditions. To reconcile this contradiction, it is inevitable to form the principles and specific norms of the relevant public interest and the prevention of infringement in the field of patent rights. This article will make a preliminary analysis from the perspective of economics on the definition of the property rights of technical achievements that enjoy patent rights.