都江堰灌区基层管理组织的近代化转变

Modernization of Grassroots Management Organization in Dujiangyan Irrigation District

摘要: 作为成都平原上历史悠久的大型水利工程，都江堰能够长期维持运行并稳定地带来效益离不开相应的水政管理体系与运行机制。但是传统的管理方式只是着眼于使得都江大体能够发挥作用，难以兼顾和解决数量繁多的各支渠民堰之间的矛盾与纠纷。近代都江堰灌区水利管理机构发生变革，灌区各县在四川省府的指令下纷纷成立水利委员会，负责民堰管理，数量众多的民堰不再完全由堰户自修而纳入县级政府的例行性政务中。虽然都江堰灌区各县水利委员会有明确、统一的机构设置和管理方式，但是，当国家权力向水政管理渗透时，一开始还是遭到了地方绅民的抵制。在四川省政府和各县水利委员会的努力下，都江堰灌区的水利事业得到了更好的发展，水利会也更为地方绅民所接受，我们可以从这种变化中看到，近代国家权力在水政管理中的不断扩张以及基层水政管理由传统向近代化的转变。

Abstract: As a large-scale water conservancy project with a long history on the Chengdu Plain, Dujiangyan can maintain operation for a long time and bring benefits steadily without the corresponding water management system and operation mechanism. However, the traditional management method is only designed to make Dujiang generally function, and it is difficult to take into account and resolve the contradictions and disputes between the various branches and weirs. During the period of the Republic of China, the water management organization in Dujiangyan Irrigation District changed, and counties in the irrigation district have successively set up water conservancy committees under the instructions of the Sichuan Provincial Government to take charge of the management of the Minyan, performing government affairs. Although the county water conservancy committees in the Dujiangyan Irrigation District have clear and unified organizational settings and management methods, when the state power penetrated into water management, they were initially resisted by local gentlemen. With the efforts of the Sichuan Provincial Government and the county water conservancy committees, the water conservancy cause in Dujiangyan Irrigation District has been better developed, and the water conservancy society has been more accepted by local gentry. We can see from this change that modern state power is the continuous expansion of government management and the transformation of traditional water management from the traditional to modern.