现代汉语听觉动词词义基元结构的形式化描写

Formalized Description of Semantic Primitive Structure of Auditory Verbs in Modern Chinese

摘要: 自然语言处理对词义精确描写的要求越来越高，词义微观结构的研究越来越受到重视。本研究运用语音学最小对立体的研究方法，以一组意义相反或相近的词为一个语义最小对立体对听觉动词的词义基元进行逐个提取，建立听觉动词词义基元集。针对词典存在循环释义的现象，词义研究语义颗粒度较粗等问题，词义基元结构是对这些问题的有效尝试，通过分析与描写基本词位间的关系，找出词的属性特征的差异，构建颗粒度精细的词义基元集。本研究使用通用的词义结构式“义类+义核+义征+义用”对听觉动词的词义基元构成及基元结构的描写。这有助于提高词汇本身的处理效率，还有助于促进词典编纂和避免词典释义中的循环释义。

Abstract: Natural language processing requires more accurate description of word meaning, so the study of the micro-structure of word meaning is paid more attention. By using the research method of phonological minimal pair, the semantic primitives of auditory verbs are analyzed and extracted one by one in a group of words with opposite or similar meanings as a semantic minimal pair, so as to establish the auditory sensory verbs semantic primitives set. There are some problems with the study of semantic, such as circular interpretation of dictionaries and coarse granularity. The study of semantic primitive structure is an effective attempt to solve these problems. By analyzing and describing the relationship between basic lexical morphemes, we can find the differences between the semantic attributes of words, then construct a more refined set of micro-level semantic primitives. The semantic primitive structure of auditory sensory verbs is described by the general structure “semantic category + semantic core + semantic attributes + pragmatic attributes” . The improvement on semantic processing efficiency may not only bring about a breakthrough in sentence processing, but also avoids the circular interpretation in dictionary.