昆山市妊娠期铁缺乏和贫血的现况研究

A Study on Iron Deficiency and Anemia during Pregnancy in Kunshan City

摘要: 目的：探究昆山地区妊娠期铁缺乏及贫血的现况，为其预防和治疗提供可靠的依据。方法：本研究采取分层随机抽样的方法，选取了1026例年龄在20~45岁间的健康妊娠期女性作为研究对象，进行面对面的调查，并采集清晨空腹静脉血5 mL，进行血常规及铁代谢指标的检测。结果：1026例研究对象中，铁缺乏的孕妇473例，占46.10%；贫血的孕妇157例，占15.30%；缺铁性贫血103例，占10.04%。随着孕周的增加，妊娠期贫血和缺铁性贫血的患病率均逐渐上升(p值均小于0.05)。非条件logistic回归分析显示，以血清铁蛋白 ≥ 30 μg/L为参比组，铁缺乏组(血清铁蛋白低于20 μg/L)发生妊娠期贫血的风险增加了1.76倍，OR值2.76，95% CI为1.84~4.12，并且随着血清铁蛋白浓度的降低，妊娠期贫血的患病率逐步增加(趋势性检验p值小于0.05)。结论：昆山市妊娠期贫血的患病率处于比较低的水平，在血清铁蛋白低于20 μg/L的时候，及时的进行铁剂补充，可以有效地预防妊娠期贫血的发生。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the status of iron deficiency and gestational anemia in Kunshan area, and to provide a reliable basis for its prevention and treatment. Methods: In this study, 1026 healthy pregnant women aged between 20 and 45 years were selected by stratified random sampling as subjects for face-to-face investigation, and 5 mL fasting venous blood was collected in the morning for routine blood test and iron metabolism test. Results: Among the 1026 subjects, there were 473 cases of iron deficiency, accounting for 46.10%; there were 157 cases of gestational anemia, ac-counting for 15.30%. Iron deficiency anemia was found in 103 cases, accounting for 10.04%. With the increase of gestational weeks, the prevalence of gestational anemia and iron deficiency anemia increased gradually (all p values of trend test were less than 0.05). Non-conditional logistic re-gression analysis showed that with serum ferritin ≥ 30 μg/L as the reference group, the risk of gestational anemia in the iron deficiency group increased by 1.76 times, the OR value was 2.76, and the 95% CI was 1.84 - 4.12. Moreover, with the serum ferritin concentration decreased, the prevalence of gestational anemia gradually increased (p value of trend test was less than 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of gestational anemia in Kunshan city was at a relatively low level. When the serum ferritin was less than 20 μg/L, timely iron supplement can effectively prevent the occurrence of gestational anemia.