中国废弃生物质能源化利用经济效益评价

Evaluation on Economic Benefits of Biowaste Conversion Pathways to Energy in China

摘要: 本文主要采集了2010~2018年发表的中国废弃生物质能源化利用经济效益文献数据，分析了10种能源转化途径的成本、收入和利润。其中，6种废弃生物质能源转化途径表现盈利。作物秸秆生产固体成型燃料的成本利润率最高，达46.59%；其次为畜禽粪便生产沼气、秸秆直燃发电以及作物秸秆气化发电，成本利润率分别为41.88%、40.85%和38.89%；第三为林业剩余物生产固体成型燃料，成本利润率为17.84%；最后为废弃油脂制生物柴油略微盈利，成本利润率是6.01%。另外4种途径则亏损，作物秸秆、餐饮垃圾和污水污泥生产沼气亏损最严重，成本利润率分别为−41.50%，−39.63%和−35.90%；作物秸秆生产燃料乙醇亏损较少，成本利润率为−18.17%。综上，建议优化国家配套政策，加强废弃生物质能源化技术研发和创新，促进生物质能源行业健康发展。

Abstract: Based on data from the Chinese literature for 2010~2018 on the economic benefit of bio-waste conversions to energy, the cost, income, and profit for the 10 pathways of bio-waste conversions to energy were analysed. 6 out of the 10 pathways are profitable. The pathway of crop residue conversion to pellet fuel exhibits the highest profit-to-cost ratio (46.59%), followed by the conversions of animal manure digestion for biogas, crop residue direct combustion for electricity and crop residue gasification for electricity, with the ratios of 41.88%, 40.85% and 38.89%, respectively. The ratios for the pathways of pellet fuel production from forestry residue and conversion of waste oil to biodiesel are 17.84% and 6.01%. The other 4 pathways incur a deficit. The conversion from crop residue, restaurant waste and sewage sludge to biogas all display a heavy economic loss, with the ratios of −41.50%, −39.63%, and −35.90%, and the conversion of crop residue to ethanol has a slightly better ratio of −18.17%. Based on the findings, it is suggested to strengthen further technical know-how research and innovations, and optimize policy interventions, in order to promote a healthy development of the bio-waste conversions to energy industries.