不同生草覆盖下土壤侵蚀与吡虫啉和噻虫胺迁移机制
Soil Erosion under Different Grass Coverage and Migration Mechanism of Imidacloprid and Thiamethoxam Amine
DOI: 10.12677/AEP.2020.102027, PDF,   
作者: 谢 天, 郑文婷, 姜美慧：华中农业大学资源与环境学院，湖北 武汉；廖 震*, 徐晨茜：武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室，湖北 武汉
关键词: 土壤侵蚀；面源污染；吡虫啉；噻虫胺；迁移机制；Soil Erosion； Non-Point Source Pollution； Imidacloprid； Thiamethoxam Amine； The Migration Mechanism
摘要: 基于人工降雨的模拟试验，研究了降雨过程中土壤侵蚀和新烟碱农药的非点源污染及其互馈机制。结果显示在降雨过程中，地表覆盖可大大减少地表径流的产生，通过垂直结构中不同层次的截留作用和地上部分阻拦径流增加入渗，其中假俭草作用最为明显。新烟碱农药的迁移途径主要为地表径流和向下渗流，其中主要为地表径流，裸地和三种不同覆盖下的降雨后表层径流新烟碱农药浓度均呈现先下降后渐趋平缓的趋势，同时新烟碱农药污染与地表径流输沙量呈线性正相关。对不同覆盖下地表径流的新烟碱农药迁移与有机碳含量显著相关，其中噻虫胺最为明显，不仅表现在地表径流的迁移中，更表现在垂直的向下渗流中。新烟碱农药在不同土壤剖面层次中的变化特征不同，残留总量随土壤剖面深度增加而下降，峰值出现在0~2 cm，反映了新烟碱农药的垂直迁移规律，说明了有机碳对于土壤中新烟碱农药的影响。
Abstract: Based on the simulation experiment of artificial rainfall, soil erosion in the process of rainfall and non-point source pollution of new nicotine pesticides and their mutual relations were studied. The results show that surface coverage can greatly reduce the generation of surface runoff, through the vertical structure of different levels of intercept and obstruct the flow of aerial part increased infiltration, including false waste grass effect is most obvious. The migration paths of neonicotinoids pesticides were mainly surface runoff and downward seepage, and the surface runoff accounts for the dominated role. The concentration of neonicotinoids pesticides in surface runoff firstly decreased and then gradually leveled off after rainfall in bare land and under three different covers, and the pollution of neonicotinoids pesticides was linearly positively correlated with the sediment transport from surface runoff. The migration of neonicotinic pesticides under different overburden runoff was significantly correlated with the organic carbon content, of which thiamethoxam was the most obvious, not only in the migration of overburden runoff, but also in the vertical downward seepage. The change characteristics of neonicotinoids pesticides in different soil profile levels are different. The total amount of residues decreases with the increase of soil profile depth, and the peak value appears in the range of 0 - 2 cm, which reflects the vertical migration law of neonicotinoids pesticides and illustrates the great impact of organic carbon on soil neonicotinoids pesticides.
文章引用：谢天, 廖震, 徐晨茜, 郑文婷, 姜美慧. 不同生草覆盖下土壤侵蚀与吡虫啉和噻虫胺迁移机制[J]. 环境保护前沿, 2020, 10(2): 229-237. https://doi.org/10.12677/AEP.2020.102027

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