武陵山地区自然保护地的数量与分布格局

Quantity and Distribution of Nature Protected Areas in the Wuling Mountains Region

摘要: 通过文献检索，结合在部分区域的实地考察，对武陵山地区自然保护地的数量与分布格局进行了研究，结果表明：该地区现有自然保护地133个，其中湖南省、重庆市、湖北省和贵州省分别为90、17、15和11个；国家级、省级和县(市)级自然保护区分别为22、17和61个，国家级森林公园27个，国家级风景名胜区6个。这些保护地分布于63个县(或县级市)，总面积为17,960.3 km²，占武陵山地区总面积(175,000.0 km²)的10.26%，其中湖南省所辖的自然保护地面积最大，为7712.4 km²，占保护地总面积的42.94%，占湖南省内属于武陵山地区(86,294.5 km²)总面积的8.94%。在能够查阅到建立年份的121个自然保护地中，有81个建立于我国自然保护地的快速发展期(1994~2009年)，占66.94%。在其中的100个自然保护区中，有59个(占59%)以森林生态系统为主要保护对象。经费不足、多头管理、基础数据缺乏是保护地普遍面临的问题。建议结合我国的生态文明建设，进一步加强对武陵山地区自然保护地的建设力度，尤其对于具有国际意义的世界地质遗迹和洞穴生物多样性保护应予以更多的重视。

Abstract: Based on literature retrieval and some field investigation, the quantity and distribution pattern of Nature Protected Areas (NPA) in the Wuling Mountains Region (WMR) were searched. The main results show that: there were a total of 133 NPA, of which 90, 17, 15 and 11 were in Hunan, Chongqing, Hubei and Guizhou Provinces respectively; there were 22, 17 and 61 national, provincial and county (city) level nature reserves (NR), 27 national forest parks and 6 listed as the national scenic areas of China. All of them were distributed in 63 counties (or county-level cities), with a total area was 17,960.3 km² accounting for 10.26% of the WMR (175,000.0 km²). The area of the NPA administrated by Hunan Province was the largest, with 7712.4 km², accounting for 42.94% of the total of all the protected areas, and for 8.94% of that of 86,294.5 km² belonging to the WMR inside the domain of Hunan. Of the 121 NPA with the definite information of establishment year, 81 were established in the period of rapid development from 1994 to 2009, accounting for 66.94%. Of the 100 NR, 59 (59%) took forest ecosystems as the main protection object. Some common problems of these NPA included multi-administration, lacking funds as well as basic data. We suggested that, in combination with the construction of ecological civilization of China, it should further strengthen the construction of NPA in the WMR, especially pay more attention to the protection of cave biodiversity and world geological relics of international significance.