护士在新型冠状病毒肺炎抗疫期间的心理状况、社会支持和应对方式的调查研究

Investigation onthe Psychological Status, Social Support and Coping Styles of Nurses during the Epidemic Prevention of 2019-Novel Coronavirus

摘要: 目的：了解护士在新型冠状病毒肺炎抗疫期间的心理状况、社会支持和应对方式，为管理者提供决策依据，采取有效应对措施，提高防疫工作效率。方法：采用2019年新型冠状病毒感染肺炎相关知识调查问卷、突发性公共卫生事件心理问卷、特质应对方式问卷和社会支持量表，以便利抽样的方法，利用问卷星对全院护士进行调查。结果：① 参与调查的护士人数为278名，突发性公共卫生事件心理问卷总分(2.54 ± 2.20)，5个维度中得分最高的是恐惧，得分最低的是疑病；社会支持量表总分(39.45 ± 8.49)，积极应对(34.94 ± 6.78)，消极应对(26.47 ± 8.25)；② 护士抗疫期间的心理压力与社会支持显著性负相关关系(r = −0.25, P < 0.01)、与积极应对方式呈显著性负相关关系(r = −0.31, P < 0.01)、与消极应对方式呈显著性正相关关系(r = 0.43, P < 0.01)；③ 护士的社会支持与积极应对方式呈显著性正相关关系(r = 0.36, P < 0.01)，与消极应对方式呈显著性负相关关系(r = −0.26, P < 0.01)。结论：护士的社会支持度越高、积极应对方式得分越高，抗疫期间的心理压力越低。

Abstract: Objective: To understand the psychological status, social support and coping styles of nurses during the anti-epidemic phase of 2019-Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCov), Provide decision basis for managers to take effective measures to improve epidemic prevention work efficiency. Methods: The 2019-nCov related Knowledge survey questionnaire, psychological questionnaire for emergent events of public health, trait coping style scale and social support scale on the questionnaire star were used to investigate the nurses in the hospital by convenient sampling. Results: ① The number of nurses participating in the survey was 278. The total score of the public health emer-gency psychological questionnaire was (2.54 ± 2.20), the highest score among the five dimensions is fear, and the lowest score is suspected disease; the total score of the social support scale was (39.45 ± 8.49), and the active response was (34.94 ± 6.78), negative coping was (26.47 ± 8.25); ② There was a significant negative correlation between psychological pressure and social support (r = −0.25, P < 0.01) during 2019-nCov (r = −0.25, P < 0.01), and a significant negative correlation between positive coping styles (r= −0.31, p < 0.01), showing a significant positive correlation with negative coping styles (r = 0.43, p < 0.01); ③ Nurses’ social support showed a significant positive correlation with positive coping styles (r = 0.36, P < 0.01), but showed a significant negative correlation with the negative coping style showed (r= −0.26, P < 0.01). Conclusion: The higher social support of the nurses’, the higher score of the positive coping style, the lower psychological pressure during the epidemic.