碳灰纳米颗粒改性的二氧化硅纤维膜油水分离性能的研究

Research of Oil-Water Separation Based on Silica Fiber Film Modified by Candle Soot Nanoparticles

摘要: 传统油水分离方法主要有离心法、凝聚法、氧化还原法及盐析法。这些方法分离过程能耗高，并且分离效率低消耗大量溶剂，导致大量废物污染。为了处理油水混合物或油水乳液,许多多孔材料被应用。然而，传统的膜制造方法，如非溶剂导相分离，热诱导相分离和蒸汽诱导分离等消耗大量溶剂，导致大量废物污染。本文主要提出了一种以二氧化硅纤维膜为基底，用无水乙醇与蜡烛烟灰溶液对其改性，制得具有疏水亲油性的油水分离薄膜。运用接触角测量仪、扫描电镜、拉曼光谱仪对其表面浸润性、结构、形貌和物质成分进行分析。结果表明改性后的二氧化硅纤维膜具有疏水性(疏水角可达146˚)。能够选择性吸附水上浮油，还可以对油水乳浊液实现分离。该碳黑纤维膜制备工艺简单，分离过程方便，可有效解决油水分离问题。

Abstract: The traditional methods of oil and water separation mainly include centrifugal method, condensa-tion method, redox method and salting out method. The separation process of these methods has high energy consumption and low separation efficiency. Many porous materials are used to treat oil-water mixtures or oil-water emulsions. However, the traditional methods of membrane manu-facturing, such as non-solvent phase separation, thermally induced phase separation and steam induced phase separation, consume a lot of solvents, resulting in a lot of waste pollution. This paper mainly proposes a silica fiber membrane as the substrate, which is modified with anhydrous ethanol and candle soot solution to make it hydrophobic and lipophilic. The surface wetting, structure, morphology and material composition were analyzed by contact Angle measuring in-strument, scanning electron microscope and Raman spectrometer. The results show that the mod-ified silica fiber membrane is hydrophobic (the hydrophobic angle can reach 146˚). It can selec-tively adsorb oil floating on water and separate oil-water emulsion. The carbon black fiber mem-brane has a simple preparation process and a convenient separation process, which can effectively solve the problem of oil-water separation.