尿素添加对钙钛矿太阳能电池光电性能的影响
Effect of Urea Addition on the Photovoltaic Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells
DOI: 10.12677/NAT.2020.102005, PDF,    国家自然科学基金支持
作者: 何艳伟, 谢 剑, 胡 笙, 施升志, 桃 李, 张 军*：湖北大学物理与电子科学学院;铁电压电材料与器件湖北省重点实验室，湖北 武汉
关键词: 钙钛矿；尿素；结晶度；晶粒尺寸；载流子复合；Perovskite； Urea； Crystallinity； Grain Size；Carrier Recombination
摘要: 钙钛矿太阳能电池以其成本低廉和优异的光电性能受到广泛的关注，其中钙钛矿光活性层的质量对组装电池的光电性能起着至关重要的作用。本文通过在钙钛矿前驱体溶液中添加路易斯碱——尿素(urea)，详细研究了尿素添加量对钙钛矿薄膜微结构和组装电池光电性能的影响。研究发现，钙钛矿前驱液中添加尿素是一种有效的获得大晶粒、致密平整钙钛矿薄膜的策略。高质量的钙钛矿薄膜减少了晶界，抑制了电池中载流子的复合，因而提升了器件的能量转换效率。在尿素添加量为10%时，组装电池具有18.90%的最佳能源转换效率。
Abstract: Perovskite solar cells have attracted much attention due to their low cost and excellent photoe-lectric performance. The quality of the perovskite active layer plays a vital role in the performance of the solar cells. In this paper, urea as one of the Lewis bases has been added into the precursor solution of perovskite, and the effects of urea addition on the microstructure of perovskite thin films and the photovoltaic properties of the cells have been studied. It is found that the addition of urea in perovskite precursor is a promising strategy for obtaining compact and flat perovskite film with large grain size. The high quality of perovskite thin film reduces the grain boundaries of film, and suppresses the recombination of carriers. It therefore improves the photovoltaic performance of assembled perovskite solar cells. An optimum energy conversion efficiency of 18.90% was achieved in the cell with urea addition of 10% in the perovskite precursor.
文章引用：何艳伟, 谢剑, 胡笙, 施升志, 桃李, 张军. 尿素添加对钙钛矿太阳能电池光电性能的影响[J]. 纳米技术, 2020, 10(2): 34-42. https://doi.org/10.12677/NAT.2020.102005

参考文献

[1] Xing, G., Mathews, N., Sun, S., et al. (2013) Long-Range Balanced Electron- and Hole-Transport Lengths in Organ-ic-Inorganic CH3NH3PbI3. Science, 6156, 344-347. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[2] Petrus, M. L., Schlipf, J., Li, C., et al. (2017) Capturing the Sun: A Review of the Challenges and Perspectives of Perovskite Solar Cells. Advanced Energy Materials, 7, 16. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[3] Leijtens, T., Eperon, G.E., Noel, N.K., et al. (2015) Stability of Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells. Advanced Energy Materials, 5, 20. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[4] Im, J., Jang, I., Pellet, N., et al. (2014) Growth of CH3NH3PbI3 Cuboids with Controlled Size for High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells. Nature Nanotechnology, 11, 927-932. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[5] Jeon, N.J., Na, H., Jung, E. H., et al. (2018) A fluorene-Terminated Hole-Transporting Material for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. Nature Energy, 8, 682-689. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[6] Qiu, L., He, S., Yang, J., et al. (2016) An All-Solid-State Fiber-Type Solar Cell Achieving 9.49% Efficiency. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 26, 10105-10109. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[7] Wu, Y., Xie, F., Chen, H., et al. (2017) Thermally Stable MAPbI3 Pe-rovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency of 19.19% and Area over 1 cm2 Achieved by Additive Engineering. Advanced Materials, 28, 1701073. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[8] Giuri, A., Masi, S., Listorti, A., et al. (2018) Polymeric Rheology Modifier Allows Single-Step Coating of Perovskite Ink for Highly Efficient and Stable Solar Cells. Nano Energy, 54, 400-408. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[9] Eisenhawer, B., Sivakov, V., Christiansen, S., et al. (2013) A Time-Resolved Numerical Study of the Vapor-Liquid- Solid Growth Kinetics Describing the Initial Nucleation Phase as Well as Pulsed Deposition Processes. Nano letters, 3, 873-883. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[10] Lee, J.W., Kim, H.S. and Park, N.G. (2016) Lewis Acid-Base Adduct Approach for High Efficiency perovskite Solar Cells. Accounts of Chemical Research, 2,311-319. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[11] Zhu, L., Xu, Y., Zhang, P., et al. (2017) Investigation on the Role of Lewis Bases in the Ripening Process of Perovskite Films for Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 39, 20874-20881. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[12] Liang, P.W., Liao, C.Y., Chueh, C.C., et al. (2014) Additive Enhanced Crys-tallization of Solution-Processed Perovskite for Highly Efficient Planar-Heterojunction Solar Cells. Advanced materials, 22, 3748-3754. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[13] Jiang, Q., Zhao, Y., Zhang, X., et al. (2019) Surface Passivation of Pe-rovskite Film for Efficient Solar Cells. Nature Photonics, 7, 460-466. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[14] Shao, Y., Xiao, Z., Bi, C., et al. (2014) Origin and Elimination of Photocurrent Hysteresis by Fullerene Passivation in CH3NH3PbI3 Planar Heterojunction Solar Cells. Nature communications, 1, 1-7. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[15] Son, D.Y., Kim, S.G., Seo, J.Y., et al. (2018) Universal Approach toward Hysteresis-Free Perovskite Solar Cell via Defect Engineering. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 4, 1358-1364. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[16] Liu, B., Wang, S., Ma, Z., et al. (2019) High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells with Large Grain-Size Obtained by the Synergy of Urea and Dimethyl Sulfoxide. Applied Surface Science, 467, 708-714. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[17] Tan, H., Jain, A., Voznyy, O., et al. (2017) Efficient and Stable Solu-tion-Processed Planar Perovskite Solar Cells via Contact Passivation. Science, 6326, 722-726. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[18] Baikie, T., Fang, Y., Kadro, J.M., et al. (2013) Synthesis and Crystal Chemistry of the Hybrid Perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 for Solid-State Sensitised Solar Cell Applications. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 18, 5628-5641. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[19] Roldan-Carmona, C., Gratia, P., Zimmermann, I., et al. (2015) High Efficiency Methylammonium Lead Triiodide Perovskite Solar Cells: the Relevance of Non-Stoichiometric Precursors. Energy & En-vironmental Science, 12, 3550-3556. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[20] Wang, H.Y., Hao, M.Y., Han, J., et al. (2017) Adverse Effects of Excess Residual PbI2 on Photovoltaic Performance, Charge Separation, and Trap-Stade Properties in Mseoporous Structured Perovskite Solar Cells. Chemistry-A European Journal, 16, 3986-3992. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[21] Wang, S., Ma, Z., Liu, B., et al. (2018) High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells with Large Grain-Size Obtained by Using the Lewis Acid-Base Adduct of Thiourea. Solar RRL, 6, 1800034. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[22] Zhang, T., Yang, M., Zhao, Y., et al. (2015) Controllable Sequential De-position of Planar MAPbI3 Perovskite Films via Adjustable Volume Expansion. Nano Letters, 6, 3959-3963. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[23] Jacobsson, T.J., Correa-Baena, J.P., Pazoki, M., et al. (2016) Exploration of the Compositional Space for Mixed Lead Halogen Perovskites for High Efficiency Solar Cells. Energy & En-vironmental Science, 5, 1706-1724. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[24] Li, L., Chen, Y., Liu, Z., et al. (2016) The Additive Coordination Effect on Hybrids Perovskite Crystallization and High-Performance Solar Cell. Advanced materials, 44, 9862-9868. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[25] Han, L., Cong, S., Yang, H., et al. (2018) Environmental-Friendly Urea Additive Induced Large Perovskite Grains for High Performance Inverted Solar Cells. Solar RRL, 7, 1800054. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[26] Fei, C., Guo, L., Li, B., et al. (2016) Controlled Growth of Textured Pe-rovskite Films towards High Performance Solar Cells. Nano Energy, 27, 17-26. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[27] Docampo, P., Hanusch, F.C., Stranks, S.D., et al. (2014) Solution Deposition-Conversion for Planar Heterojunction Mixed Halide Perovskite Solar Cells. Adv. Energy Mater, 14, 1400355. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[28] Ahn, N., Son, D.Y., Jang, I.H., et al. (2015) Highly Reproducible Pe-rovskite Solar Cells with Average Efficiency of 18.3% and Best Efficiency of 19.7% Fabricated via Lewis Base Adduct of Lead (II) Iodide. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 27, 8696-8699. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[29] Lee, J.W., Bae, S.H., Hsieh, Y.T., et al. (2017) A Bifunctional Lewis Base Additive for Microscopic Homogeneity in Perovskite Solar Cells. Chem, 2, 290-302. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 

为你推荐