蒲城酥梨气候条件及2018年酥梨歉收原因分析

Analysis of Meteorological Conditions in the Growth Period of Pucheng Pear and the Rea-sons for the Serious Poor Harvest in 2018

摘要: 目的：为了进一步提升气象对酥梨产业的保障能力，掌握蒲城酥梨各物候期适宜的气象条件和影响酥梨生长的气象灾害，分析研究2018年蒲城酥梨产量严重降低的原因。方法：本文利用蒲城县1980~2010年平均旬气候观测资料及2017~2018年逐时观测资料，对比分析了蒲城酥梨的主要气象条件以及主要气象灾害。结果：结果表明，蒲城具有酥梨生长的良好气候背景条件，气候适宜性评分获得85分，是酥梨生长的气候适宜区。通过蒲城气温、降水量和日照，分析2018年蒲城酥梨产量明显下降的原因，主要有：1) 2018年平均气温及平均日较差高于2017年，花期至幼果期最低气温分别达到3.2℃和−2.4℃，遭遇了II级和III级冷害。在果实膨大期遭遇连续30日最高气温超35℃的热害；2) 2018年总降水量为340.0 mm，低于2017年和多年平均值，而且在幼果期至果实膨大期遭遇最长41日连续无降水，随后出现久旱遇雨、雨后高温，以及短时强降水事件，严重影响了酥梨的生长；3) 2018年总日照时数为2428.1 h，果实膨大期遭遇连续30日平均日照时数达9.8 h，高于2017年及多年平均值。结论：蒲城是酥梨的气候适宜区，但2018年蒲城气候总体异常，影响了酥梨的生长发育，导致严重歉收。

Abstract: Objective: Pear has planted in Pucheng Shaaxi Province for almost ten years, and now it has been the main economic product in Pucheng. Almost every year, the Pucheng’s pear can bring big output for the peasants, but some year, the pear is affected by the meteorological disasters, and get a poor harvest. Therefore, in order to get the meteorological disasters of Pucheng pear in Shaanxi province, this paper analyzed the local average climate conditions in pear’s every growth periods of Pucheng. Additionally, taking the poor harvest year of 2018 as an example, when the pear output dropped by more than 40%, the abnormal meteorological state in Pucheng’s pear growth seasons is explored. Methods: The observation data of daily temperature, rainfall, and sunshine hours in Pucheng County from 1980 to 2010, as well as the hourly observation data from 2017 to 2018 are used in this research. This paper analyzes the long-term averaged climatic characteristics for pear’s growth, comparing with Dangshan Anhui, where the pear not only can get good output, but also have a high quality. 2018 Pucheng’s got a poor harvest in Pear, and the meteorological conditions had a bad effect on pear’s growth. We explored the variations of temperature, rainfall and sunshine hours in Pucheng delicately, and got the pear’s disasters in 2018. Results: The research gets the following results. First of all, comparing with the good area of pear in Dangshan Anhui, Pucheng is a suitable climate for the growth of pears. The local rainfall, temperature, and sunshine in Pucheng is suit for pear’s planting. Pucheng’s pear had good growth conditions in the local climate background and got a climate suitability score of 85 points. In 2018 of the serious poor harvest year, Pucheng’s meteorological elements are compared with 2017, and we found that some disasters happened and had affections on pear’s growth. 1) The average temperature and average daily difference in 2018 were higher than that in 2017, and the chilling injury occurred in the fruiting period to the young fruit stage, the lowest temperature was 3.2˚C and −2.4˚C, and the fruit expansion period suffered a continuous 30-day maximum temperature of more than 35˚C of heat damage; 2) Total precipitation in 2018 was 340.0 mm, lower than 2017 and multi-year average, encountered in the fruiting period to fruit expansion period There is no precipitation in the longest period of 41 days. Among them, there are 6 days to detect precipitation less than 1.0 mm, long drought, rain, high temperature and short-term heavy precipitation; 3) Total sunshine hours in 2018 is 2428.1 h, higher than in 2017 and years of average, the average 30-day sunshine hours in the fruit expansion period reached 9.8 hours. In summary, Pucheng County is a climate-friendly area for pears. In 2018, the overall climate is abnormal. The temperature, precipitation and sunshine hours affect the growth and development of Pucheng Pear. Therefore, the climate is abnormal and the reason for the serious poor harvest of Pucheng Pear in 2018.