气溶胶的环境效应(气温)对植被总初级生产力的影响

Environmental Effect Condition (Air Temperature) of Aerosols on Gross Primary Productivity of Vegetation

摘要: 本研究利用WRF-Chem模式，以欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)的再分析数据作为驱动数据，中国多分辨率排放清单共享平台(MEIC)人为源排放数据作为人为源排放数据，以华北平原作为研究区，研究时间为2016年4月6日，设置一组对比试验，分别模拟有无人为源排放影响下的环境，将有无气溶胶环境的环境因素带入到植被光合作用模型(Vegetation Photosynthesis Model, VPM)模型中获得两者环境下的总初级生产力(Gross primary productivity, GPP)。本文主要研究结果是气溶胶导致研究区内大部分时段平均气温下降，小部分时段因吸热气溶胶原因导致平均气温，轻微上升。从区域尺度分析，气溶胶环境效应与气溶胶的关系，受下行辐射与气溶胶种类影响，导致气温不能随PM 2.5浓度同步变化，在一些区域出现气温升高的现象。白天平均气温均有所下降，下降范围0.350%~2.667%。其环境效应导致2016年4月6日整个研究区平均GPP下降0.03%~2.55%。从区域尺度分析，虽然气溶胶环境效应(气温)总体以降温为主，但存在区域性增温，导致部分地区GPP增加最高增加超过5%，但其地区本身GPP却小于1 g C m⁻²∙day⁻¹，其变化绝对值却很小。GPP减少绝对值的地区位于山东省，江苏省，河南省，安徽省交界处减少为0.05 g C m⁻²∙day⁻¹~0.2 g C m⁻²∙day⁻¹，增加绝对值在苏北地区增加为0.05 g C m⁻²∙day⁻¹~0.1 g C m^−2∙day⁻¹。

Abstract: In this study, WRF Chem model is used to drive the reanalysis data of ECMWF, China mul-ti-resolution emission inventory sharing platform (MEIC) anthropogenic emission data is used as anthropogenic emission data, and North China Plain is used as the research area. The research time is April 6, 2016. A group of comparative tests is set up to simulate whether there is anthropogenic emission shadow or not. In response to the environment, the environmental factors with or without aerosol environment are brought into the vegetation photosynthesis model (VPM) to obtain the gross primary productivity (GPP) in both environments. The main result of this paper is that aerosol causes the average temperature to drop in most periods of the study area, and the average temperature to rise slightly in a small part of the study area due to the absorption of hot aerosol. From the analysis of regional scale, the relationship between aerosol environmental effect and aerosol is affected by downward radiation and aerosol species, which results in the temperature can’t change synchronously with PM 2.5 concentration, and the phenomenon of temperature rise appears in some regions. During the day, the average temperature decreased by 0.350%~2.667%. Its environmental effect led to a decrease of 0.03%~2.55% in the average GPP of the whole study area on April 6, 2016. From the regional scale analysis, although the aerosol environmental effect (air temperature) is mainly cooling, there is regional warming, resulting in the highest increase of GPP in some areas by more than 5%, but the GPP in the area itself is less than 1 g C m⁻²∙day⁻¹, and its absolute value of change is very small. The absolute value of GPP decreased from 0.05 g C m⁻²∙day⁻¹~0.2 g C m⁻²∙day⁻¹ in Shandong Province, Jiangsu Province, Henan Province and Anhui Province, and increased from 0.05 g C m⁻²∙day⁻¹~0.1 g C m⁻²∙day⁻¹ in Northern Jiangsu Province.