基于多指标分析模型解决机场出租车排队问题——以重庆江北国际机场为例

Solution of the Airport Taxi Queuing Problem Based on the Multi-Index Analysis Model—Taking Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport as an Example

摘要: 机场交通中，出租车是十分重要的交通工具，大多数乘客下飞机后要去市区(或周边)的目的地，会选择方便、快捷的出租车作为代步工具。对其进行高效精准的管理是影响机场交通的重要一环，而对于司机而言，又有多重选择和决策以提高效率。在实际中，还有很多影响出租车司机决策的确定和不确定因素，其关联关系各异，影响效果也不尽相同。乘客高峰期经常会出现出租车排队载客和乘客排队乘车的情况，管理部门应如何设置“上车点”，并合理安排出租车和乘客，在保证车辆和乘客安全的条件下，使得乘车效率最高，成为了一项亟待解决的任务。由此问题出发，本文作者提出出租车站点排队模型，兼顾乘客乘车效率与出租车利用效率，通过利用对不同车道的利用，单/多上车点配置和人流分布的方法，导出各个时段下最适宜于当前输入数据下的机场的分段函数，保证乘客乘车和出租车利用效率最大化。本文最后将实际机场数据——重庆江北国际机场的出租车流量数据代入模型进行模拟，证明此套模型对于解决实际问题具有较好的实际效果。

Abstract: Taxi is a very important part of airport transportation. Most passengers go to destinations in the city (or surrounding) after getting off the plane by Taxi, which is one of the main means of transportation at the airport. The efficient and precise management is an important part of affecting airport traffic, and for drivers, there are multiple choices and decisions to improve efficiency. In practice, there are many certain and uncertain factors that affect taxi drivers' decision-making, their associations are different, and the effects are also different. At certain times, taxis always line up to carry passengers and passengers queue up to wait for the taxi. How should the management department set up a “boarding point”, arrange taxis and passengers reasonably, and make the total ride efficiency the highest under the conditions to ensure the safety of vehicles and passengers is an urgent task. Based on this problem, we propose a taxi station queuing model, taking passenger riding efficiency and taxi utilization efficiency into account using different lanes, single/multiple pick-up point allocation, pedestrian distribution methods and deriving each time period. It is most suitable for the piecewise function of the airport under the current input data to ensure the maximum efficiency of passenger ride and taxi utilization. At the end of this paper, the real airport data—the taxi flow data of Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport is substituted into the model for simulation, which proves that this model has practical effects for solving practical problems.