浅论正当防卫司法认定的误区与纠错——从“于欢案”与“于海明”案入手

On the Misunderstanding and Correction of Justifiable Defense Judicial Confirmation—Starting from the Cases of “Yu Huan” and “Yu Haiming”

摘要: 正当防卫一直是一项备受关注的制度，它的产生是为了在国家公力不能及时救助的情形下，公民能够自行进行救济，维护自己的合法权益。正当防卫的根据一方面在于，这是一种人与生俱来的自卫权，其成立无需其他外在的根据，而是一种人的自然权力。另一方面，当国家保护未能及时实现时，正当防卫是对不法侵害的一种法秩序的警告。多年来，正当防卫制度在实践中一直是冷门状态，直到山东的“辱母案”和昆明“于海明案”使正当防卫制度的探讨又上了一个新台阶，在实践中，这条被学者们称为“僵尸条款”的制度开始慢慢复苏。

Abstract: Justifiable defense has always been a system that has received much attention. It was created to en-able citizens to provide relief and protect their legitimate rights and interests in situations where the state’s public power cannot provide timely assistance. On the one hand, the basis of justifiable defense is that this is a kind of inherent right of self-defense. Its establishment requires no other ex-ternal basis, but a natural power of a person. On the other hand, when national protection fails to be realized in time, legitimate defense is a warning of a legal order that is violated by law. For many years, the justifiable defense system has been in a state of uproar in practice, until Shandong’s “hu-miliation mother case” and Kunming’s “Yu Haiming case” brought the discussion of the justifiable defense system to a new level. The system we called the “zombie clause” began to slowly recover.