先行信息水平对“白熊效应”前后目标搜索的影响

Research on the Influence of the Level of Antecedent Information on Target Search before and after the “White Bear Effect”

摘要: 本研究关注忽略信息水平增多对“白熊效应”的影响。本文采用视觉搜索范式，设置三种水平干扰信息数量，60名大学生被试随机平均分组。结果显示，三个实验水平下实验初期忽略试次反应时均显著大于中性试次反应时，并且反应时差值(忽略试次反应时减去中性试次反应时)随干扰信息数量呈现递增趋势；在实验后期三个水平忽略试次反应时均显著小于中性试次反应时，且反应时差值随干扰信息数量呈递减趋势。结果提示，“白熊效应”随先行线索数量增大而增大。实验初期“白熊效应”显著，随着练习次数增加，被试对于要求忽略的特征形成“拒绝的模板”，并且练习效益随先行线索数量增大而增大。

Abstract: This study focuses on the effect of increased levels of ignoring information on the “white bear effect”. We used the visual search paradigm and set three levels of interference information. Sixty college students were randomly assigned to group. The results showed, at the beginning of three experimental levels it was significantly greater than the neutral response time when the test was ignored and the reaction time difference (the reaction time of ignored trials minus the reaction time of neutral trials) was increasing with the increasing number of interference information. In the late experimental of three experimental levels it was significantly greater than the ignored response time when the test was neutral and the reaction time difference was decreasing with the increasing number of interference information. The results suggest that the “white bear effect” increases with the increasing number of distractor information appeared before. The “white bear effect” was pronounced in the early stages of the experiment. As the number of practice increases, participants develop a beneficial template for rejection and the benefit of the practice increases with the increasing number of distractor information appeared before.